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題名 | 空運中心擁擠定價與尖峰降落費之研究=Congestion Pricing and Peak Landing Fees at Hub Airports |
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作者 | 張學孔; 凃保民; | 書刊名 | 運輸計劃 |
卷期 | 26:2 1997.06[民86.06] |
頁次 | 頁281-326 |
分類號 | 557.95 |
關鍵詞 | 空運中心; 降落費; 擁擠定價; 時間帶長度; Hub airports; Landing fees; Congestion pricing; Band; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究主要針對空運中心尖峰時段降落費及擁擠定價之相關課題進行探討。機場在 擴建或新建時皆需鉅大的投資,且在時效上常緩不濟急,如何透過經濟的手段,使機場設施能 充分利用,同時在兼顧航空公司與乘客權益下,訂定合理的空運中心降落費收費標準,實為航 空運輸發展上必須審慎研究的課題。研究中首先比較各國空運中心之降落費與營運特性。經統 計結果,中正機場降落費高居世界之冠;就亞太地區而言,費率略高於東京成田機場,但比起 鄰近的香港啟德機場與新加坡樟宜機場高出約五成。其次,本研究建立數學模式探討空運中心 之降落費訂定策略。研究中以單一空運中心之旅客運輸為討論對象,在考量旅次需求型態為固 定的情形下,以航空器接受塔台進場管制至離開塔台離場管制之時段為研究範圍。本研究以平 均成本定價法來決定非尖峰時段之降落費,以期能在收支平衡下避免造成經營單位虧損及政府 補貼;而在尖峰時段,則以機場擁擠所造成之額外成本及空運中心乘客之轉機效益為主要考慮 因素,在社會邊際成本定價法的原則下,以系統總成本最小為目標決定最佳的尖峰降落費及時 間帶長度。最後,並以中正國際機場為實例應用分析之對象,模擬分析其在不同空運中心情境 下的降落費與相關成本,以驗證模式之合理性。此項研究成果,可提供未來空運中心訂定降落 費之參考依據;而研究中建立的分析模式,可以作為評估最適降落費與時間帶的基礎。 |
英文摘要 | This research analyzes the peak landing fees and congestion pricing of hub airports. It has been recognized that building or extending airport facilities is time-consumed and needs heavy capital investment, so the application of economic approach to enhancing efficiency of the airport facilities is quite desirable. Operation environments and landing fees of hub airport at various countries are first compared in this study. It is found that the fare rate for landing fees of Chiang Kai-Shed(CKS)International Airport is the highest around the world. It is a little higher than that of Tokyo's Narita Airport, and fifty percent higher than that of airports at Hong Kong and Siingapore. Also, analytic mathematical models are developed for jointly optimizing landing fees and band at hub airports. Total cost function, composed of operation cost of airports, operation costs of airlines, and time cost of travellers, is formulated for a single hub airport considered in this model. Average cost pricing is used in off-peak period for avoiding loss and subsidy for operator, while social marginal cost pricing is applied in peak period. Analysis has also been conducted for considering the external congestion cost and transfer benefit of travellers at the hub airport. The peak landing fees and band are optimally determined with objective of minimum total cost. The model is applied to CKS International Airport for varification of model's applicability. Senario analysis is also conducted to evaluate the different development strategies for CKS International Airport. Optima guidelines for determining the landing fees and congestion price at hub airports are provided based on results of this study. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。