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題 名 | 社會網路、組織政治與聯合統治--產業公會與美國電力產業的發展:1885-1910=Social Networks, Organizational Politics and Governance Coalitions--The Relationship between Industrial Associations and American Electricity Industry: 1885-1910 |
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作 者 | 鍾基年; | 書刊名 | 中山管理評論 |
卷 期 | 5:2 民86.06 |
頁 次 | 頁243-286 |
分類號 | 575.16 |
關鍵詞 | 社會網路; 組織政治; 聯合統治; 產業公會; 電力產業; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文探討為什麼中央式白織燈電力系統會成為美國電力產業的產業標準。三個相關理論被提出檢討:市場中心理論、偉人理論與聯合統治理論;社會鑲嵌理論則被支持為替代性的解釋模型。本文採用集中度、同形相等及區截模型三個網絡分析方法來探究二個主要產業工會中的網絡形構。 結果顯示有一組事先即彼此聯絡的行動者,Edison/Insull associates他們信仰一個相同的產業發展藍圖,他們佔據了工會中的領導結構並且運用工會來推廣這個藍圖,而使得此藍圖成為美國電力產業的產業標準。本文總結以為中央式白織燈電力系統的標準化並不是因為市場效率或偉人的努力,而是因為產業內社會結構的力量。 |
英文摘要 | This paper addresses the question of why the centralized/incandescent electric system was adopted during the development of the American electricity industry. Three relevant theories--market-centered theory, "great" man theory, and associative governance theory--are reviewed and the social embeddedness approach, which emphasizes the significance of social structure, is proposed as the alternative. Three network methods: centrality degree, automorphic equivalence, and blockmodel are employed to detect the network configuration within two dominant trade associations-AEIC and NELA. The result shows that there was a set of preconnected actors, Edison/Insull associates, who shared the same template of the development of the electricity industry. They occupied most of the influential positions within the trade associations and used AEIC and NELA as vehicles to make their preferred technology/organization paths dominant. We conclude that the institutionalization of the centralized/incandescent electric system is not due to market efficiency or great men's efforts but rather to the strength of social structure. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。