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題名 | 兒科輪狀病毒腸胃道感染調查:社區與院內感染之比較=Rotaviral Gastrointestinal Infections in Children: Comparison between Nosocomial and Community-Acquired Infections |
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作者 | 賴玫娟; 邱南昌; 李聰明; 黃富源; | 書刊名 | 院內感染控制雜誌 |
卷期 | 7:3 1997.06[民86.06] |
頁次 | 頁141-147 |
分類號 | 417.513 |
關鍵詞 | 輪狀病毒; 院內腸胃道感染; 群突發; Rotavirus; Nosocomial gastrointestinal infection; Outbreak; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 輪狀病毒感染是兒科患童腹瀉常見的導因,它的感染有季節性,也有可能導致院內感染,稍一不慎甚至可導致群突發。國內這方面的報告較少,特將本院兒科病房感染輪狀病毒個案的情況加以整理並比較院內感染和社區感染之異同點,以確知國內輪狀病毒感染的好發季節、年齡及可能傳播途徑,進而設法加以預防及控制。本報告採回溯性調查,期間自1991年至1995年,五年間共有1,167例輪狀病毒造成的腸胃炎個案,其中院內感染有123例佔10.5%,社區感染1,044例(佔89.5%)。感染率在十一月起逐漸上升,二月份達到最高峰,以後逐漸下降,在五月至十月間較少。院內感染的時間分佈大致隨社區感染而改變。感染多發生於幼兒,一歲以下佔53.0%,三個月以下佔23.8%。院內感染個案之年齡層較社區感染為低,院內感染有47.2%發生於三個月以內之嬰兒,社區感染則只有22.9%發生於三個月以內之嬰幼兒。各病房中以新生兒中心的院內輪狀病毒感染率較高,該單位為封閉式病房,病童完全由醫護人員照護,病房床位密度高,引起交互感染的機率可能較大,此單位在1994年曾發生輪狀病毒感染之群突發。在輪狀病毒好發季節應注意住院患童的適當隔離措施。對病床密度較高的病房,尤其完全由醫護人員照顧的嬰兒病房,更應加強洗手,以避免院內感染群突發的發生。 |
英文摘要 | Rotavirus is a very common pathogen causing pediatric gastroenteritis and may cause an outbreak of nosocomial infections. However, until now there have been only a few local reports describing the data for rotaviral infections. In this retrospective study, we collected the clinical information on childhood rotaviral infections in our hospital during the period January, 1991 to December, 1995 and compared the difference between nosocomial and community-acquired infections. There were a total of 1,167 cases of rotaviral gastroenteritis during this 5-year-period. Among them, 123 cases (10.5% ) were hospital-acquired. The number of infected cases increased gradually from November, reached a peak in February then declined and remained low from May to October. The seasonal variation in nosocomial infections followed the change in community-acquired infections.Rotavirus most frequently affected infants and toddlers, with 53.0% of the patients being less than one year of age and 23.8% less than three months of age. Patients with nosocomial infections tended to be younger than those with community-acquired infections, with 47.2 % of nosocomial infections occurring in patients less than three month of age, but only 22.9% of community-acquired infections occurring in patients of the same age. The neonatal ward had the highest nosocomial rotaviral infection rate. In this isolated ward, patients were cared for by nurses instead of by parents and an outbreak of rotaviral infections occurred during 1994. The average length of hospital stay for nosocomially infected patients was 20.5 ± 8.1 days while that for the whole pediatric patients was 7.1 days. During the winter epidemic period of rotaviral infections, isolation of infected patients is necessary and hand-washing should be emphasized, especially in the nursecare unit. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。