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題 名 | 臺灣牛隻人工授精之研究推廣及未來展望=Review of the Research and Extension of Artificial Insemination Services of Cattle in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 戴謙; 李善男; | 書刊名 | 畜產研究 |
卷 期 | 30:2 1997.06[民86.06] |
頁 次 | 頁125-134 |
分類號 | 437.27 |
關鍵詞 | 人工授精; 牛; 研究推廣; Artificial insemination; Cattle; Extension service; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 家畜人工授精之歷史,溯自十四世紀,由阿拉伯人利用人工授精進行馬之育種工 作開始,蘇聯在十九世紀初,即推展牛之人工授精,而 Ivanov 教授為首先應用牛及綿羊人 工授精成功者。 1936 年,丹麥成立人工授精協會,建立有系統之組織,並由協會會員推廣 人工授精技術,隨後,世界各國均相繼研究與發展。 本省家畜人工授精之發展肇始於 1950 年,由日本山根甚信及西川義正教授將 " 開膣子宮頸固定法 " 技術引進臺灣。臺灣省農業 試驗所新化畜產試驗分析於 1956 年辦理第一次家畜人工授精訓練班,由陳熊堂及蘇祐明先 生指導受訓學員。1962 年,美國專家卡本特博士 (Dr. B. Carpenter) 來臺傳授 " 直腸固 定法 " 之授精技術,使我國之牛人工授精邁入一個新的里程。 有關牛人工授精技術之研究 與推展,臺灣省畜產試驗所扮演極重要的角色。歷年來之研究,包括精液稀釋液之調製,冷 凍精液之製作,精液品質與受胎率之相關研究以及水牛精液品質研究等,這些研究成果提升 了自製精液的品質與水準。由於人工授精之普及化,使進口精液與自製精液得以大量被應用 ,自 1959 至 1995 年, 進口乳牛冷凍精液高達 1,060,653 支。 同時,從 1970 到 1995 年,自製乳牛冷凍精液亦達 78,003 支。大量應用優良遺傳性能之種公牛精液之結果,提高 了本省乳牛的產乳能力,亦加速了品種的改良。展望未來,提高母牛之受胎率乃為第一要務 ,人工授精計畫之原功推展仍需訓練且素且具備充分知識之人員,才克竟其功,而使用正確 的人工授精技術亦是達成牛隻繁殖變良目的所不可或缺的。 |
英文摘要 | Artificial insemination is now utilized worldwide. Soviet professor I. Ivanovich Ivanov was the first scientist to successfully artificially inseminate cattle and sheep. In 1936, a large cooperative association for the artificial insemination of cattle was organized in Denmark. Since 1936, the AI program has developed steadily for livestock improvement throughout the world. As early as 1950, Dr. J. Yamane and Dr. Y. Nishikawa from Japan, introduced insemination of the cow by use of the speculum to Taiwan. In 1962, an advanced technique for recto-vaginal insemination of the cow was demonstrated by Dr. B. Carpenter from U.S.A. which is the milestone of application of AI in Taiwan. The large-scale application of artificial insemination in Taiwan was developed mainly by research and extension efforts at the Taiwan Livestock Research Institute. Early work in this field included the preparation of diluent and the extension of semen, the handling and use the frozen semen, and its long-term storage methods, the improvement of conception rate in related to the quality of semen, and the research on the application of frozen semen in water buffalo. From 1959 to 1995, the amounts of the imported frozen semen were 1,273,849 doses, and the number of domestic-made frozen semen was 78,003 doses from 1970 to 1995. This has made a tremendous genetic progress in dairy cattle performance in Taiwan during the last decade. The successful development of the AI program depends on the knowledge about fertility in the cows and even in human. Trained personnel will play an important role in propagating the techniques for the further development of the AI program. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。