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題名 | 法國地方自治制度=French Local Government |
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作者 | 張壯熙; | 書刊名 | 社會文化學報 |
卷期 | 4 1997.05[民86.05] |
頁次 | 頁179-195 |
分類號 | 574.42 |
關鍵詞 | 法國; 地方自治; 地方政府; France; Local government; Self-government; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 法國是一個傳統上相當中央集權的單一體制國家,其地方自治較諸英美等國可謂起步較晚,但目前卻也展現出相當令人讚賞的成績。第五共和體制下的法國地方自治組織採一元化設計,選民只選舉地方議會議員、再由議員互選產生議長,所謂議長即同時兼為地方自治團體首長。此一制度猶如選民選舉地方理事會之理事,而由理事們再互推產生理事長,與我國傳統「府會二元制」顯不相同,但卻值得作為我國地方自治改革之參考。此外,法國選舉法令容許不同層級地方議會議員、及國會議員或政府部會首長得兼任地方議會議員之制度,亦十分獨特且非我國所有;中央政府派有「省督」或稱共和國專員駐省,進行對地方自治之監督,更是因循傳統而特有。凡此均是吾人在瞭解法國地方自治時所必須注意的獨到處,更是在做比較研究時之重要關鍵。正值我國中央政府體制預計朝向類似法國第五共和混合制修正之際,對於法國地方制度的進一步了解與研究,或亦有助於對兩國政治制度全盤性的認識和比較。 |
英文摘要 | France is a unitary state with a centralized government structure. Her local government system is not the same with the Anglo-Saxon or German ones. Under the 5th Republic, French people elect only a council, but not a mayor and several councilors, for leading their local government. The president of the local council (including the town mayor), elected by all the councilors and not directly by the people, is the head and legal representative of local government in France. That is the first main difference between French local government and the "dual system" as what runs in Taiwan. (We have, in Taiwan, a mayor and a council separately elected by the people and work together with a mutual check-and-balance.) Secondly, we can be member of Congress (or minister in the government) and local councilor at the same time in France --except when we occupy more than two posts in one time. This makes almost the important French politicians cumulate different positions in different levels. We see that a senator can also be town mayor at the same time, and the same for a minister being member of regional council, a member of departmental council being town mayor... Therefore, the French central government can, by this way, follow more easily the local public opinions. At last, there is a "Prefet" in each French department, which is sent by the central government and for the purpose of controlling the work and the finance of local government. This practice exists from the age of Napoleon, and makes that French local government always under strict watching of the central government in Paris. All these are the specifics of the French local government system. We hope that this paper can give some hints to the public and be served as a reference for Taiwan, who is recently undertaking some amendments of her Constitution. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。