頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 可能入侵臺灣之植物病原線蟲及其防止對策=Introductive Occasions of Exotic Plant-Parasitic Nematodes into Taiwan and the Retarding Strategies |
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作 者 | 蔡東纂; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
卷 期 | 39:1 1997.03[民86.03] |
頁 次 | 頁33-61 |
分類號 | 433.8 |
關鍵詞 | 植物病原線蟲; 檢疫; 防疫; Plant-parasitic nematodes; Quarantine; Phytosanitary; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 據Wallenmaier,T.估計美國之檢疫網對外來植物病原之攔截功能若能高達80%者,每年仍將有600次的漏失;這些不經意的誤失可能造成的農業損失,則亟待防疫體系之事先預防、入侵植物病原未擴散前之偵測及防止。Thurston, H. D.以其一生對檢疫防疫和農業產值之研究,將開發中與已開發國家間農業產值之差距歸咎於資訊不足而引進外來植物病原;他更以嚴厲的字眼“a tragic consequence”來形容此檢疫/防疫不周之過。評估可能入侵臺灣之植物病原線蟲種類,涉及和我國有農產品、植物種苗貿易往來之國家內植物寄生性線蟲種類,針對臺灣作物相而言具高、中、低風險性之病原線蟲傳播方式、途徑,寄主範圍,建立族群及殘存能力,防治難易及引進之頻率等因素。依據本文所蒐集之資料顯示,亞太地區已成為亞熱帶性植物病原線蟲之溫床;而將來可能是臺灣農業資源流通最頻繁的中國大陸之動植物檢疫法遲至1994年始頒布執行,各省份內亦存在許多種高經濟風險之植物病原線蟲。相同緯度或氣侯型之國家,大抵有類似之作物相,就植物病原線蟲之族群建立而言不過是一畦之隔。因此,未來可能藉由植物繁殖體、苗木及農產品入侵臺灣之高風險性植物病原線蟲為稻莖線蟲(Ditylenchus angustus)、莖線蟲(D. dipsaci)、馬鈴薯腐敗線蟲(D. destructor)、 穿孔線蟲(Radopholus similis)、椰子紅輪線蟲(Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus)及假根瘤線蟲(Nacobbus aberrans)等;中低風險性植物病原線蟲為黃金線蟲(Globodera rostochiensis)、 馬鈴薯包囊線蟲(G. pallida)、 螺旋線蟲(Scutellonema bradys)、 穿根線蟲(Hirschmanniella miticausa)等。防止之道不外(1)建立全球農產品貿易國之植物病原線蟲資訊中心,(2)各進口機場及港口檢疫站建立檢疫查詢網路,(3)臺灣分區建立植物病蟲害偵測網,定期會報及緊急會報,(4)植物病原線蟲檢疫及防疫處理辦法之確定。 |
英文摘要 | If we assume that interceptions are 80% effective, approximately 600 occasions of exotic pest entry may occur each year in the U.S. from natural or other means. The gain in food production was much greater for developed than for developing countries, Thurston, H.D. said that was a tragic consequence and was owing to the inadvertant introduction of plant pathogens.An estimation overall average annual yield loss of the world's major 40 crops due to damage by plant-parasitic nematodes is 12.3%, and in developed countries are 8.8% compared with 14.6% for developing countries. An exotic nematode species will establish in Taiwan only when a susceptible host is present and the environment is favorable for the reproduction. Approaches to risk assessments of exotic nematodes have been given around the in transit, establishment and economic phases. The occurrence of nematodes in areas possessing climates similar to Taiwan providing good ecological requirements and host crops for establishing population conditions of nematodes. The countries in Asia and the Pacific region which have high thought to be the exotic nematodes imported areas. Ditylenchus angustus, D. dipsaci, D. destructor, Radopholus similis, Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus and Nacobbus aberransere attributed to high risk nematodes species to Taiwan. And Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida, Scutellonema bradys and Hirschmanniella miticausa were belong to the moderate-low risk level. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。