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題名 | 世代正義理論的困境:關於「非同一」問題的弔詭性=Reflection on the Puzzle of Justice between Generations: The Paradox of 「Non-Identity Problem」 |
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作者 | 陳俊宏; | 書刊名 | 東吳政治學報 |
卷期 | 7 1997.03[民86.03] |
頁次 | 頁35-65 |
分類號 | 570.11 |
關鍵詞 | 世代間正義; 個人認同; 傷害原則; 「非同一問題」; Justice; Generations; Personal identity; Parfit; Harm principle; Nonidentity problem; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 「世代之間的正義」(Justice Between Generation)問題,是近來年在歐美政 治哲學領域中的一個新課題。從六○年代以來,人口壓力與土壤、河川、空氣的污染,引起 世人對這一問題的關注。人們理解到忽視環境後果的經濟成長,對人類生態環境造成的破壞 ,其結果不但威脅到社會的未來發展,甚至威脅到全人類未來的命運。一九七二年的聯合國 人類環境會議上通過的《人類環境宣言》中,即明確的指出人類具有保護及改善這一代和將 來世世代代環境的責任。因此在謀求社會進步及發展的同時,如何兼顧到環境生態的保護, 以提供下一代可供居住的環境,便是引起大家深思的課題。然而世代間正義理論的建構仍面 臨許多爭議性的問題。本文目的即簡介當前有關世代正義理論的討論,並特別針對理論建構 中一個相當重要的難題「非同一問題」進行分析及討論,並對此議題的論證提出批評。 |
英文摘要 | The recent revival of ethical theory has led philosophers and political theorists to think hard about justice between generations.Their important task is to clarify and articulate the values and principles which underlie our obligations to the future generations. One of puzzling theoritical problem is how to deal with the ontological ststus of future individuals.It is a challenging task to provide a smooth and coherent theory which captures all of our pre-refective intutions about what we owe the future. Because the contingencies of personal identity complicate the assement of human interests across generational boundaries.We would ordinarily assume that a person can be harmed only be being made worse off than that person would otherwise be.But when we deal with the interests of future possible people this assumption breaks down,for many of the actions that would apparently produce harms also affect whether a person will come into existence at all.We can no longer say about the apparently harmful action that the persons harmed are worse off than they otherwise would have been.This is what Parfit“s「Non-identity problem」.A number of writers has suggested that 「non-identity problem」is one of very puzzling theoritical problems. This papers deals in the main with the「non-identity problem」and more briefly with respect to various other problems and paradoxes (e.g.,the Repugnant Conclusion)with which Parfit grapples. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。