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題 名 | 十六世紀末葉歐洲猶太人命運轉折之探討=On the Vicissitude of the Fate of the Jews in Early Modern Europe |
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作 者 | 何宛倩; | 書刊名 | 東吳歷史學報 |
卷 期 | 3 1997.03[民86.03] |
頁 次 | 頁199-238 |
分類號 | 536.87 |
關鍵詞 | 猶太人; 猶太教; 喀巴拉; 重商主義; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 十六世紀末葉歐洲猶太人的命運出現了意外的逆轉,從中古中、晚期受盡迫害,流離失所將近兩個世紀的悲情歲月,終於苦盡甘來被允許回歸中、西歐的故園,並迅速的發揮其驚人的經營長才,在各城邦、國家的經濟上扮演不可或缺的角色。本文乃就下列幾方面探討猶太人命運得以轉折的原因:(一)先從「巨變的挑戰和寬容思想的醞釀」說明這個議題的背景;(二)再就「人文主義和懷疑精神的昂揚」提出希伯來文與猶太文化如何在文藝復興時代得到重視並激起研究的熱潮;(三)以「宗教改革的反璞歸真與猶太教之一脈相承」討論猶太教對新教的的影響並新教領導者對猶太人的看法探討其處境;(四)闡釋「猶太教的神秘主義 - 喀巴拉的鑽研」申述猶太教的神秘主義如何普遍影響人心, 猶太人也因此而備受重視;(五)探討「猶太教與資本主義的淵源」,分別就宋巴特和韋伯不同的觀點比較之。(六)最後從「重商主義的盛行」解釋猶太人何以成為中、西歐各地普受歡迎甚至爭相延攬的對象,並舉西班牙、日爾曼、荷蘭及義大利為例說明之。 |
英文摘要 | The fate of the Jews was altered unexpectedly in Early Modern Europe.They went through two centuries of persecution in the last Middle Ages and then were welcomed back to their homelands in Central and Western Europe. with their management skills, they began to play an essential role in the economies of these European Countries. This article focuses on how the fate of the Jewa was altered by the following:1. 'Forming of Toleration Thought', which served as a background to this issue; 2.'The Rising of Humanism and Skepticism', which explained how Hebrew and Jewish cultures were rediscovered and studied during the Renaissance; 3.'The Links Connection Between Reformation and Judaism', which was discussed, from the eading reformationists standpoint, the influence of Judaism to Protestantism, 4.'The Mystical Cabala's Study', which explained how the Jewish Mysticism affected the contemporay people; therefore Jews were selcomed; 5.'the Relation Between Judaism and Capitalism', which compared the different view pints between Weber and Sombart; and finally 6.'the Prevailing Mercantilism', which explained how the Jews were welcomed and even warmly invited into Central and Western Europe, specifically Spain, Germany, Netherlands and Italy. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。