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題名 | 稻作淺水環境下水中巴拉刈之消退及殘留活性=Decline and Residual Activity of Paraquat in Shallow Water of Paddy Environment |
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作者 | 蔣永正; 蔣慕琰; | 書刊名 | 中華民國雜草學會會刊 |
卷期 | 17:2 1996.12[民85.12] |
頁次 | 頁47-56 |
分類號 | 433.85 |
關鍵詞 | 巴拉刈; 化學分析; 生物分析; 葉圓片滲漏; 殘留活性; Paraquat; Chemical analysis; Bioassay; Leakage from leaf discs; Residual activity; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究主要探討巴拉刈施用於田間淹水狀況下,田面整地對田水巴拉刈殘留量之 影響;並以葉圓片浸液電導值變化,做為巴拉刈毒性測試之生物分析方法,同時比較以化學 方法檢測之田水中巴拉刈殘留量與其生物活性間的相關關係。施用巴拉刈水溶液於裝有田土 之栽植盆內約 4cm 深,施用後保持水面澄清及攪拌呈混濁之兩種處理, 以模擬田間湛水下 不同程度翻動表土情形,對田水中巴拉刈消退之影響。澄清處理之盆缽中,25ppm 巴拉刈藥 液在施用後 24 小時,大部份被土壤粒子所完全吸附, 但在施用 50ppm 時之最大吸附量則 為其處理濃度的 80%;至於混拌處理下,不論是 25ppm 或 50ppm 施用量,在施用 15 分鐘 後所取水樣中之巴拉刈,均降為其施用量的 1% 以下。以巴拉刈水樣處理水稻、大豆及胡瓜 三種作物之葉片,其葉圓片浸液電導值變化,均隨巴拉刈處理天數的增加而降低,且以大豆 子葉之反應最為敏感,但三種測試作物對巴拉刈的反應卻頗為一致及穩定;同時以吸光度測 定之田水中巴拉刈殘留量,與由葉片電解質滲漏所決定之生物活性,兩者間具有極高之相關 關係。 |
英文摘要 | Paraquat is a bipyridininum herbicide that readily soluble in water and strongly adsorbed by clay. It is widely used in Taiwan for non-selective weed control. We investigated the decline and bioactivity of paraquat in shallow water, 4 cm deep, under clear and muddy conditions of simulated paddy environment. Under clear condition, soluble paraquat reduced slowly over a 24-hours period. The amount detected was a function of initial concentration and sampling time; at 24 hours after treatment, 3 and 17% of the original amount was detected for water with 25 and 50 ppm of initial concentration, respectively. Leaf discs exposed to water sample showed elevated level of electrolyte leakage that closely related with the soluble paraquat in the water. Under muddy condition. Paraquat was non-detectable in water regardless of treatment concentration and sampling time. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。