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題名 | Larviculture of Finfish and Shellfish in Taiwan=臺灣的魚介類的種苗培育 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 廖一久; | 書刊名 | 臺灣水產學會刊 |
卷期 | 23:4 1996.12[民85.12] |
頁次 | 頁349-369 |
分類號 | 439.5 |
關鍵詞 | 種苗培育; 魚類; 介貝類; 臺灣; Larviculture; Finfish; Shellfish; Taiwan; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 台灣目前養殖的魚介類已超過100餘種,而其中百分之九十以上的種類都能夠 在人為控制下加以繁殖。 近年來有關淡水魚類,如草、鰱魚等之繁殖,均以注射賀爾蒙予以催熟後,促其自然產 卵、受精之方式為之。此種技術不僅可減少種魚因人工擠卵、授精而導致的損傷,同時孵化 率亦可人用提高。然而日前台灣可資養殖的淡水魚類仍然有限,多半侷限於傳統的種類,市 場而需求量不大。。因此,宜多方開發引進高經濟價值的種類。例如近年引進之英洲鱸、銀 鱸與條紋鱸之雜交種,成果不錯,養殖相當普遍。 海水魚類的種苗培育技術已有長足的進步,以虱目魚為例,1995年的種苗生產量高達3 億5千萬尾,遠遠超過台灣養殖所帶之數量。又如石斑魚的生產量也已突破一千萬尾。雖然 生產技術與生產量均已提昇,但在種苗的營養需求、操作過程中所產生的緊迫以及疾病等問 題,均待進一步的探討與克服。 鰻魚的人工繁殖方面,目前魚苗孵化後,已可存活31天之久,惟欲完全確立其種苗的培 育技術,仍有諸多瓶頸亟待突破。 介類方面,文蛤、九孔和蜆之種苗已能大量生產。並足以供應國內養殖之所需。另外, 多種對蝦屬的蝦類、砂蝦及淡水長腳大蝦等之種苗生產技術也都已完全確立。至於在蝦病的 防治上,已知洗卵方式是去除病毒的最簡便方法;在飼料中添加β-1,3-glucan,則可增強 蝦的免疫力,抗緊迫及抗病力,對提高活存率有顯著之功效。另外,結合生物技術,研發有 效的病毒檢測劑及疫苗之工作,目前亦正積極進行中。 本文將綜述台灣魚介類之種苗培育的現況及其相關問題,並就末來發展潛力及對策作進 一步的探討。 |
英文摘要 | There are currently over 100 finfish and shellfish species under aquaculture in Taiwan, over 90% of which are already being artificially propagated. In freshwater finfish culture, hormone injection and spontaneous spawning in pond developed for hatcheries of Chinese carps and other species are now being routinely carried out. The development of freshwater finfish seed production, however, had been hindered by the limited number of species and market. A few imported exotic species, such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) and hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops) had been introduced and successfully cultured. Larviculture techniques for marine finfish have rapidly advanced in recent years, especially for milkfish (Chanos chanos) and grouper (Epinephelus spp.). In 1995, annual production of hatchery-reared milkfish fry was over 350 million, exceeding the domestic demand. Total production of grouper fry was estimated at more then 10 million in 1995. Nutrient deficiency, stress handling, and disease infestation were the major impediments to the growth of grouper seed production. In eel artificial propagation, Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) larvae had been successfully reared in Taiwan through its 31st day. Considerable efforts have still to be made, before eel larviculture techniques can be completely established. In shellfish culture, seeds of hard clam (Meretrix lusoria), small abalone (Haliotis diversicolor), and freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminalis) are already being mass produced from hatcheries, exceeding domestic demand. The larviculture of penaeid prawns (Penaeus spp.), sand shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis), and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) has also been quite successful. Despite this success, prawn seed production has decreased because of disease infestations during growout. Washing the fertilized eggs with fresh seawater was found to be a simple way to reduce the infestation. Furthermore, diet supplemented with 0.5-1.0 g/kg diet of β-1, 3-glucan can activate the immune system and thus enhance significantly the survival rate and stress and disease resistance. Biotechnology is also being studied for its use as a diagnostic tool in the prophylactic checking of viruses. Other status and related problems in the larviculture of finfish and shellfish in Taiwan and the strategies to solve the problems are also discussed. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。