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題 名 | 生物科技在農作物上之應用=The Application of Biotechnology to Agricultural Production |
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作 者 | 林俊義; 王強生; 王惠亮; 陳良築; 蔡新聲; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 176 1996.12[民85.12] |
頁 次 | 頁11-37 |
分類號 | 434 |
關鍵詞 | 生物科技; 農作物; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 生物技術在農作物上的應用可分為組織培養及分子生物二個領域。在組織培養方面,可應用於1.利用生長點或莖頂培養配合熱處理的技術,可去除作物之病毒,以達到發揮優良特性及生產潛力的效果,同時可大量繁殖抗病或不帶病原之健康植株;2.利用莖頂培養獲得之無菌苗或懸浮細胞,進行種源保存及引種;3.試管授精及胚培養的技術,可轉移存在於遠緣野生種之優良特性於商業品種上;4.花藥培養形成單倍體的技術,則使育成新品種的時間縮短,提高選拔效率及減少人力的投資;5.癒合組織及懸浮細胞培養的技術,則為大量篩選優良之突變體,提供高效率、省時及便捷之道;6.原生質體在細胞融合與基因轉殖上之應用,更開啟了遺傳工程的大門。在分子生物方面,可應用於1.創造新花色;2.建立基因圖譜並進行基因分離;3.利用反義基因調節作物基因表現;4.植物病毒之診斷;5.利用基因工程技術育成抗病、蟲作物;6.以轉殖植物生產動物或人類疫苗。本文簡述生物技術在這些領域上的應用情形。 |
英文摘要 | The rapid development of biotechnology in recent years has contributed greatly to the advancement of plant sciences. Its application can be categorized into two fields, i.e., tissue culture and molecular biology. This paper summarizes the application of biotechnology to crop production with representing examples. A. Tissue culture 1. The combination of meristem/shoot-tip culture and heat treatment for the production of virus-free seedlings. 2. Techniques of tissue culture and suspension culture for the preservation of plant germplasms. 3. The overcome of cross incompatibility between distantly-related species by test-tube fertilization and embryo rescue for the production of disease-and insect-resistant cultivars. 4. The improvement of breeding efficiency by the utilization of haploid plants from anther culture. 5. The utilization of liquid suspension culture for mass propagation, mutation breeding, and the production of artificial seeds and secondary products. 6. The production of somatic hybrids and materials for genetic engineering studies by protoplast culture and fusion. B. Molecular biology 1. The development of cultivars with new flower colors. 2. The establishment of genetic map and gene isolation. 3. The regulation of gene via antisense genes. 4. The detection and identification of viruses in plants. 5. The production of disease-and insect-resistant plants through gene manipulation. 6. The production of animals and human vaccines from transgenic plants. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。