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題 名 | 儒家倫理與中國政治民主化=Confucian Ethics and Chinese Political Democratization |
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作 者 | 黃森泉; | 書刊名 | 人文學報 |
卷 期 | 20 1996.07[民85.07] |
頁 次 | 頁39-56 |
分類號 | 570.92 |
關鍵詞 | 儒家倫理; 政治民主化; 政治文化; 權威人格; Confucian ethics; Political democratization; Political culture; Authority personality; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 民主政治是今日世界上公認較好的政治制度,因為它較現存其他政治制度更能促進人類的幸福與世界和平。中國的政治民主化起步較晚,一般認為與中國傳統文化有密切的關係,尤其是儒家倫理可能扮演著關鍵性的角色。 本論文試圖透過政治文化的研究途徑,探討儒家倫理與中國政治民主化之間的關係。首先說明政治文化與政治社會化的概念;其次探討儒家倫理與中國傳統政治文化之關係,陳述其對歷代政治之影響;並剖析權威人格與中國政治之關聯性; 其間也涉及對Lucian W. Pye觀點的一些批判,最後歸納結論。 中國傳統政治文化少有改變,原因很多,其中家族制度與權威性人格或為根本因素。在政府與人民的關係方面,儒家以禮為政治制度的中心,以倫理來安排人際關係的秩序,家天下的思想觀念牢不可破,官場的意識型態受家庭道德所制約,國與家不分,因此強化了君主專制的力量。 中國傳統的家庭制度是培養權威人格的溫床,權威人格有助於傳統社會的維持。由於家庭重視權威,價值的分配主要是根據權威階層的位置,因而在政治上形成一個法古的、敬畏權威的一元化領導體系,這對穩定政治具有正面的功能。 從研究分析發現,儒家倫理對政治民主化的影響並非全是負面的,它仍有存在的價值。儒家倫理強調和諧的關係,與民主政治以妥協來解決問題,並無本質上的衝突;儒家重視群體可彌補民主政治偏重個人的缺失。所以儒家倫理是可與政治民主調和與互補。然而由於儒家倫理思想與西方民主政治之產生,各有其特定的背景,傳統的儒家倫理在某些觀點上可能會與政治民主化有所抵觸。 |
英文摘要 | Today democracy is one of the good political systems admittedly, because it can forward human happiness and world peace better than most of the other existing political systems. Yet, Chinese political democratization is generally considered in close relation to traditional Chinese culture-particularly, Confucian ethics may play a pivotal role. This paper intends to investigate the relationship between Confucian ethics, especially about family ethics, and Chinese political democratization by the approach of political culture. First, I show the ideas of political culture and political socialization. Second, I explore the relationship between Confucian ethics and traditional Chinese political culture, and I explain ethics and traditional Chinese political culture, and I explain Confucian ethics' influence on successive generations' politics. Further, I analyze the connection between authority personality and Chinese politics. Finally I infer a relationship between Confucian ethics and political democratization. This paper also pass judgment on Lucian W. Pye's thoughts. Few changes are seen in traditional Chinese political culture. This may essentially result from the family system and authority personality. In the relation between the government and its people, Confucians place ethics in the center of political system and arrange the order of human relationships with this ethics. Thus, the idea of governing a nation as a family is usually impregnable. Officialdom's ideology is restrained by family morality. Moreover, the nation and the family become so closely related that they are often associated with each other. It is this way that reinforces the power of monarchic autocracy. On the other hand, traditional Chinese family system is helpful to foster authority personality, which personality helps sustain a traditional society. Because a family considers authority important, the distribution of values depends mainly on the positions of authoritative classes. Therefore, in politics appears a one-leader leadership system within which people tend to follow predecessors and to stand in awe of authority. Such a phenomenon has an active effect on stabilizing political situations. Through the analysis, it is shown that Confucian ethics' effects on political democratization are not all negative. Confucian ethics is still valuable to exist and should not be abandoned easily. Confucian ethics' emphasis on harmonious relation does not conflict in nature with democracy's doctrines to solve problems by way of negotiation. Confucians' paying much attention to the colony can rightly complement the defects resulting from western democracy's overemphasis on the individual. Consequently, Confucian ethics can harmonize with and complement democracy, Confucian ethics can harmonize with and complement democracy. However, since traditional Chinese Confucian ethics and western democracy generate under different, specific backgrounds, some viewpoints of the former--such as the idea of equality--may contradict political democratization. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。