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題名 | 歐洲聯盟內商標權之保護與自由貿易原則--以真品平行輸入為例=Protection of Trademark and Free Trade Principle in European Union--Example of "Importation of Genuine Goods" |
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作者 | 陳昭華; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷期 | 17/18 民85.07 |
頁次 | 頁223-252 |
分類號 | 490.25 |
關鍵詞 | 歐洲聯盟; 商標權; 真品平行輸入; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 基於屬地主義,商標權之行使常導致市地分害之結果,而影響國際間之自由貿易,致使商標權之保護與自讚貿易原則間專在著利益衝突。平行輸入便是其典型之案例。 就此利益之衝突,宜權衡商標權之保護與自?貿易原則所涉及之利益化解之。在歐洲聯盟,貨物流通自由為其保障之四大自由原則之一,因此自由貿易原則為其重要政策目標。但為保護適標權而有正當理由時,歐洲共同體法規定,可不受貨物流通自由之限制。至於是否「正當」,依歐洲法院之見解,應視商標權之保護是否以商標之「特殊客體」為其保護範圍認定之。而商標之「特殊客體」可依其保護範圍:(1)商標權是否已耗盡;(2)是否符合商標之保護功能;(3)是否構成權利濫用,及(4)是否違反競爭規則,為判斷標準。此亦為決定商標權之行使是否正當之標準。 貿易之完全自由流通為世界經濟的最高指標,而就附有商標之商品,其自由化不僅建立於貨物之自由貿易之根本落實,仍有待各國就其商標保護政策加以商討改善。期粉本論文關於歐盟就平行輸入問題之探討可為我將來實務或立法之參考。 |
英文摘要 | based on the limitation of the principle of territoriality, exercises of trademark often lead to market segementation and the influence international free trades. Therefore there exists a conflict of interests between the owner of the trademak and the free trade principle. Importation of genuine goods its just the typical case. Regarding the interests conflict, we schuld weigh the interests which the protection of trademark and free trade principle are involved in to resolve it. In European Union, freedem of goods distribution its one of four major freedem principles. Thus, free trade principle its an important policy objective. However, if there are legitimate reasons for protecting the trademark, according to EU regulations, it is needless to be restricted by the freedem of goods distribution. As for whether reason are "legitimate" or not, it depends on the protection sphere of trademark: --whether the trademark ist exhausted --whether achieves the protection function of trademark --whether results in the trademark abuse --whether violates the compettion regulation, These are criteria to justify whether importation of genuine goods could be banned by trademark as well. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。