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題名 | 代間遊戲規則的轉型與老年經濟安全=Transition of the Rules of the Intergenerational Game and the Old-Age Economic Security |
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作者 | 劉楚俊; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷期 | 17/18 民85.07 |
頁次 | 頁85-104 |
分類號 | 544.8 |
關鍵詞 | 代間遊戲規則; 老年經濟安全; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文由代間遊戲規則較型的角度,嘗試對老年經濟安全的問題做一個理論性探究。文中認為在我國行之已久的養兒防老機制,在面對經濟快速變遷的情況下,已經遭遇越來越嚴重的危機。主要原因是因為養?防老機制能夠順利運作的客觀條件已經越來越難以成立。換言之,這個機制的交易成本已隨著經濟發展與社會變遷而大幅提高。其影響因素是來自多方面的,包括:子女時的機會成本提高、父母對子女控制能力的降低、子女詐欺風險的增加、對媳婦加諸財產權的成本大幅提高、小家庭制、人口平均壽命的延長以及女性角色的崛起。這此因素沒有一項是有利於養兒防老機制的。但是什麼又是新崛起的代間遊戲規則呢?本文認為它是父母對子女的質的要求的提高。說的更明白一點,它是父母對子女的愛的需求的增加。代間遊戲規則的較變就發生在這樣一個把小孩當作是一種財產權轉變到愛小孩的轉換上。當這項轉換發生的時候,整個遊戲規則的方向由以父母為依繳的後向式機制轉而變為以子女為依歸的前向式機制。問題就在於經濟發展的太快,致使有一代人正在遊戲規則較型的關卡,設時候就出弄了將是代間遊戲規則較型的最大輸家的認家問題。 另外一個問題是,既然代間遊戲規則已在較型階段,未來老人經濟安全應該如何予以保障?我們是要聽任們由市場機能,讓個人把老人經濟安全的問題由私人保險或年金市場來解決呢?還是要在這之外,設起最後一道防線,建立一套年金制度,讓即使保險市場或年金市場出重大變故時,不致使用到影響的老人,必須面對制去一切的因境?可是財源在那裡?我們是否可以在養兒防老機制運行的憪神當中,找到值得借鏡學習之處。本文認為課贈與稅或遺產稅,在精神上,保留了傳統養兒防老的優點。 |
英文摘要 | This paper examines the transition of the intergenerational games in Taiwanese families during development process, as well as its impacts on the elderly. It argues that the transaction costs of raising children for the sake of old-age security will become higher as the economy is more developed. One reason for this is that the cost of enforcing property rights in children will increase along with children's increasing geographical mobility, the rise of women's status and the opportunity costs of their labor, the change in the organizational structure of a family, as well as the parents' increasing inability to control their own children etc.. The other reason, which is considered to be more important, is that the rule of intergenerational game has gradually changed due to younger generation's growing demand for love when the economy is becoming richer. Under these circumstances, the first generation who experience such a transition would be net losers, especially for those rooted with traditional values, such as the virtue of filial piety. The implications of these findings for welfare policy are also discussed. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。