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題 名 | 超重核的質量與穩定性=Nuclear Masses and Stability of Super Heavy Elements |
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作 者 | 吳成禮; | 書刊名 | 中原學報 |
卷 期 | 24:1 1996.01[民85.01] |
頁 次 | 頁1-6 |
分類號 | 339.5 |
關鍵詞 | 原子核質量; 超重元素; 原子核模型; 動力對稱性; Nuclear masses; Super heavy elements; Nuclear model; Dynamical symmetries; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文根據費米子動力對稱模型(FDSM)所預言的原子核質量指出,人們長期以來期盼找到的超重元素島應出現在Z=114和N=l64附近。過去傳統模型所預言的超重元素島出現在中子的滿殼層附近,比FDSM的預言重了差不多20個中子。造成這種變化的原因有二:(1)是與等同粒子間的排斥性單極矩相互作用有闕,它破壞了在滿殼層處殼修正的能量極小值;(2)是與SU(2)及SU(3)動力對稱性的競爭及與其相關的動力包里效應有關,它在 半滿殼層附近開鬧了一個球形核的小窗口,增加了超重核抗裂變的的穩定性。這兩個物理因素都是以往所沒有注意到的。我們的計算表明,正是這兩個物理因素使得超重元素島移向中子數較少的區域。最近實驗上新發現的Z=110(N=159)和Z=111 (N=16l)兩個元素正好處在費米子動力對稱模型所預言超重元素島的邊沿。FDSM 並預測它們的原子核應是球形或近球形。傳統模型所預言的在N=184附近的超重元素島則可能不存在o |
英文摘要 | The mass ca1culation by the Fermion Dynamical Symmetry Model (FDSM) predicts a super heavy is land of elements located at around Z=114 and N=164. In contrast, it was predicted by other models previously to locate at around neutron closed shell, which was about 20 units heavier then the FDSM prediction. This change is a consequence of two physical reasons that were not recognized before: (1)the repulsive monopole -monopole interactions among like partic1es which destroy the shell correction energy minimum at closed shell; (2) the competition between SU(2) and SU(3) symmetries and the related dynamical Pauli effects which create a small window at around mid-shel1 favoring spherical nuc1ei thus increasing stabi1ity of super heavy nuclei against fission. Our calculations suggest that the recent díscovery of ísotopes with Z == 110-111 are near spherícal, and may represent a true island of super heavy nucleí, but shifted downward in neutron number by these new physícal effects. The super heavy ísland around N== 184 predicted by traditíonal models may not even exist. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。