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來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 析論項羽「略知其意,又不肯竟學」=Analysing Hsiang Yu's Behavior of "Not Continuing the Learning after He Knew the Outling" |
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作者姓名(中文) | 魏聰祺; | 書刊名 | 臺中師院學報 |
卷期 | 10 1996.06[民85.06] |
頁次 | 頁153-171 |
分類號 | 610.11 |
關鍵詞 | 項羽; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在《史記•項羽本紀》中,有一段項羽少時學習的情形:「項籍少時,學書不成,去;學劍,又不成。項梁怒之。籍曰:『書足以記名姓而已,劍一人敵,不足學,學萬人敵。』於是項梁乃教籍兵法。籍大喜,略知其意,又不肯竟學。」因為項羽學無恆心,凡事只略知其意,不肯竟學,所以一般人以此論斷項羽所以先勝後敗,無法持續保有戰果。然本文主旨,則欲將項羽「略知其意,又不肯竟學」的各層意義闡述出來,並藉此深入瞭解項羽的才能及其個性。在析論過程中,可歸納下列幾項心得: 一、「略知其意,又不肯竟學」包括學書不成、學劍又不成,及學兵法三項。 二、略知其意,並非學書只會「記名姓而已」,亦非學劍只能「一人敵」而已。由於項羽天資稟賦過人,所以「略知其意」即能有驚人的成果,如<垓下歌>傳世、一人殺數百人之劍術及「身七十餘戰,所當者破,所擊者服,未嘗敗北」的戰績。 三、因項羽個性關係,造成不肯竟學的結果。而其婦人之仁、意忌信讒及僄悍猾賊之個性,使得項羽在兵法上忽略「上兵伐謀,其次伐交」的精華部分,只精於「其次伐兵、其下攻城」的戰陣攻勢。這才是他最後會失敗的原因。 |
英文摘要 | In "Hsiang Yu," Biography of Emperor in "Historical Records," there is one paragraph describing the learning of Hisang Yu When he was young as follows: "Young Hsiaug Yu gave up his studying without finishing it. Then, he learned fencing and didn't finish it either. Hsiang Lainng, Yu's uncle, was angry about his behaviors. But Yu said, ‘One learns characters only for writing his own name; one who learns fencing can fight against only one enemy, which isn't worthy learning. I want to learn what can fight against thousands of enemies.’ Therefore, Hsiang Liang taught him military tactics. Yu was delighted but he didn't continue the learning after he knew the outline." Hsiang Yu didn't have perseverance to finish the learning but only knew the outline of everything, with which the common people made comments that Yu won at first but he lost at last without keeping his victors. However, the topic of this essay explains every aspect of Yu's behavior of "not continuing the learning after he knew the outline" and further makes people understand Hsiang Yu's talents and characteristics. The following is my own conclusions in process of analyzing. 1.In Yu's behavior of "not continuing the learning after he knew the outline", the learning includes his learning characters, fencing, and military tactics. 2.Although Yu didn't finish learning chatacters and fencing, he was a man of great talent, and he knew more than others even he only knew the outline. For examples, he had killed hundreds of enemies, which was recorded in "Songs of Gaishiah," and "Hsiang Yu had experienced more than seventy battles with the subjection of everyone", described in "Historical Records." 3.Hsiang Yu couldn't persevere in his learning. His womenly kindness, untrust in others, believing in rumours, atrocity, and cunning made him ignore "the best way to fight is by strategy; the second one, diplomacy" from military tactics but put more emphasis on "the third way is by war; the worst one, conquering a castle", which is the real reason that he lost at last. |
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