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題 名 | 有機農耕法作物養分吸收與殘留之評估=Evaluation of Nutrients Uptake and Left over in Organic Farming |
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作 者 | 王銀波; 黃山內; 趙震慶; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 173 1996.03[民85.03] |
頁 次 | 頁103-119 |
分類號 | 434.22 |
關鍵詞 | 有機農耕法; 作物; 養分; 殘留量; Organic farming; Crop; Nutrients; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 有機農耕法對作物吸收養分與土壤中植物養分殘留量尚未評估。本研究係比較本省南部旗山與鹿草兩試區,六年來有機(OF,使用廄肥與生物防治),慣行(CF,使用合成之化肥與農藥)及折衷農耕法(IF,使用廄肥、化肥各一半及最低農藥量)等三種農耕法,在兩輪作系下對作物吸收養分與土壤中主要作物養分殘留量之影響,以供推行有機農耕法時,管理土壤與肥培之參考。 依食用作物外移部位含氮量,顯示有機農耕法初期數年中土壤有效性氮量供應不能配合作物生長之所需,尤其是水稻與快速生長之蔬菜,然隨栽培期作數增加而縮小差異。作物體中磷,鉀,鈣,鎂及銅的含量差異不大。作物鋅含量至第五年後有機農作耕法試區顯著高於摜行農耕法試區。 三種耕作法於種植各作物後,僅移走可食部位而將殘體留置田中,不考慮各種逸失量,土壤氮、磷及鉀量之淨值,除慣行農耕法種植毛豆時之氮量與甘藍時之鉀量外均呈正值,三種耕作法的土壤中氮、磷及鉀殘存量由高而低依序為OF>IF>CF,相差1.3倍至45倍,視作物與養分種類而異。依兩年五作後估算三種農耕法土壤中累積氮磷及鉀量最高依次為1,087 Kg N ha⁻¹,207 Kg P ha⁻¹及689 Kg K ha⁻¹,最低量依次為256 Kg N ha⁻¹,67 Kg P ha⁻¹及71 Kg K ha⁻¹。綜合上述在本研究條件下,所行之三種農耕法中作物移出部位養分含量隨種植時間增加而漸無差異,土壤中所累積之植物養分量,有機農耕法遠高於慣行農耕法。 |
英文摘要 | Field trials were set at Chishn, Kao-Hsiung county and Lutsao, Chia-I county from 1987 to 1994 to see the feasibility of organic farming in southerm part of Taiwan. The trial involved six treatments with the combinations of three cultural methods (organic: biological control and organic fertilizers; conventional: chemical fertilizers and pesticides; intermediate: 50% organic and chemical fertilizers with minimum pesticide), and two rotation sequence (six crops per cycle and a cycle took two years). Each treatment had no replication with plot size 0.1 ha. In this paper, the plant nutrients uptaken by crop and left over in soil were evaluated. From the nitrogen content of harvested portion, it was showed that the nitrogen supply was insufficient in organic plot, especially during the rice and vegetables were grown at the beginning of the trial. However, the supplying capability improved with the years of crop planting. The contents of P, K, Ca, Mg and Cu in plants were no difference among the three methods. As for the Zn it was shown that the oganic plot significantly high than this of the conventional plot after the fifth year of planting. The status of soil nutrients were estimated under the crop residues (except the harvested, portion) were incorporated and all losses were not included. From the left over of N, P and K in the soil, it was shown that the organic method was the highest, intermediate's was he second, while the chemical's was the lowest. There were 1.3 to 45 times difference among three methods depend upon the crops and nutrients. Thus, the accumulative amounts of soil N, P and K after five crops grown were 256, 67 and 71 kg ha⁻¹ to 1087, 207 and 689 kg ha⁻¹. Over it concluded that the plant nutrients content of crops of organic method were increased and their difference decreased with the proceeded year of cropping in three methods. The plant nutrients left over in soil of organic method was greater than conventional method. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。