頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 甘藷早期世代實生系選拔效率之研究=The Efficiency of Seedlings Selection in the Early Generations of Sweet Potato |
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作 者 | 李良; 廖嘉信; 賴永昌; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 173 1996.03[民85.03] |
頁 次 | 頁2-16 |
分類號 | 434.315 |
關鍵詞 | 甘藷; 育種; 選拔效率; 早期世代; Sweet potato; Ipomoea batatas L.; Breeding; Selection efficiency; Early generation; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本試驗利用甘藷逢機交配族群中不同形態的種子所培育之實生系,及1985至1995年在嘉義農業試驗分所進行之秋作和裡作實生系為材料,於其無性世代及在本省不同區域測定主要性狀表現,以供研究(1)甘藷不同形狀與大小種子所培育之實生苗階段及實生系之重要園藝性狀差異,(2)甘藷實生系與其無性世代間各重要性狀之相關性,及(3)環境因素對甘藷早期及晚期世代無性系主要性狀選拔效能的影響。試驗結果顯示以不同形態之種子培育實生苗,並由此建立實生系,除實生系塊根乾物率變異較小外,其他性狀之變異均大。由重量較大種子所得之實生苗有優勢生長表現,其平均主根直徑與主根重及實生系平均單株塊根重均高於較輕種子處理之表現,顯示育種時選取成熟度適當且重量較高之種子做為培育實生系的材料,選拔時並與其他選種指標配合,應可獲得良好結果。選用重量高的種子,則實生苗主根重與莖直徑與主根直徑間的相關程度亦高。由23個甘藷實生系與其無性系一代間所求得塊根收量與蛋白質含量之相關係數變域分別為0.155-0.3488**及0.112-0.825**,兩係數數值較低,且變域大,表示於早期實生系世代對此二性狀選拔,宜採較溫和之選種強度,並結合其他性狀同時進行,可能得到有利之效果。塊根乾物率與肉色在實生系與無性系一代間,均表現極顯著之正相關,亦即在早期實生系及其無性系世代進行選拔,即可望有較高之效果。甘藷無性系一代與其無性系二代之間,塊根之收量、乾物率、蛋白質含量及肉色之相關均為極顯著正值,且高於實生系與其無性系一代間之相關值,表示在無性系一代進行嚴格選拔,可得良好效果。在同一區域內不同地點,塊根和莖葉收量與塊根乾物率、蛋白質含量及肉色等之品系×地點交感作用變方成均較小,且各性狀間之相關係數為極顯著正值;在同一地點之不同年度間,品系×年度交感作用不顯著,且塊根收量及品質性狀間之相關性高;表示於無性系一代選拔,不一定需要在同一區域內-不同地點及不同年度進行。在不同區域間,因品系之性狀之變異大,且各性狀間相關性低,因此於晚期世代針對數量性狀選種,應於數個不同地區進行,方有利於評定其表現及適應性。 |
英文摘要 | The purposes of this study were to investigate (1) the effects of seed shape and size on the performance of some morphological and yield traits of true-seed seedlings and plants from vine cuttings of the seedlings, (2) the correlations of some qualitative and quantitative traits between the plants from vine cuttings of the seedlings and their respective clonal generations, and (3) the effects of environmental factors on the selection efficiency of some important traits from the early and late generations of clones. The materials included seedlings from seeds of varying shape and size obtained from a randomly intermating sweet potato population, and the seedlings and their respective clonal generations in multi-locational trials conducted in the fall and winter crop seasons at Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station and other regions in Taiwan from 1985 to 1995. Experimental results indicated that significant variation for most traits (the only exception was dry matter content of storage root) of seedlings from different seed categories. Larger seeds tended to result superior growth vigor, stem diameter and primary root weight at seedling stage, and superior average storage root weight per plant. These results indicated that the selection of large and optimally matured seeds, in combination with other criteria, would be beneficial in a sweet potato breeding program. In general, larger seeds resulted in high correlations between primary root weight and stem diameter and primary root diameter at seedling stage. The correlation coefficients between 23 sweet potato seedlings and their respective first clonal generations ranged from 0.155 to 0.348** for storage root yield, and from 0.112 to 0.825** for protein content of the storage roots. The relative low variable r values indicated that a moderate intensity of selection combined with other criteria would be effective for selecting high yield and protein content of storage roots in the early generations. For dry matter content and flesh color o storage roots, a highly significant correlation existed between the seedlings and their respective first clonal generations. It is therefore suggested that efficient selection of these two traits could be achieved at the seedlings or in the first clonal generation. The correlations were significantly positive between the first and the second clonal generations for yield, flesh color, and dry matter and crude protein contents of storage roots. The r values were generally higher than those obtained in the seedlings and their respective first clonal generations. Thus, a strict selection of these traits in the first clonal generation would be more efficient than in the seedlings. Among different locations within the same region, the variance components of genotype × location interaction were generally small and the correlation coefficient were highly significant positive for yield, flesh color, and dry matter and protein contents of storage roots. For experiments conducted in the same location, the genotype × year interaction was not significant but the correlations were highly significant for yield and dry matter, protein, reducing sugar, and starch contents of storage roots. These results indicated that it might not be necessary to select the traits in the first clonal generation over different locations and years in the same region. For storage root and top yield, the variance components of genotype × location interaction were generally large and the correlations were low. It was therefore recommended to conduct the advanced trial over different regions for selecting the quantitative traits. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。