頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 臺北市大氣中鉛污染與汽車耗油量關係之探討 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 林凱隆; 張章堂; | 書刊名 | 宜蘭農工學報 |
卷期 | 11 1995.12[民84.12] |
頁次 | 頁47-59 |
分類號 | 445.63 |
關鍵詞 | 耗油量; 鉛污染; 質量平衡; 乾沈降; Fuel consumption; Lead pollution; Mass balance; Dry deposition; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 鉛乃是一種具累積毒性之物質,可懸浮於空氣中而影響人體健康。而大氣中鉛污 染最大來源為公路運輸,本研究調查結果顯示,臺北市至八十二年底各種車輛已高達 1,566,098輛,每年平均約成長十餘萬輛,其中以機車總數為951,730輛,佔總車輛數之 61%,而車流量之增加亦導致耗油量之增加。臺灣地區82年全年消耗汽油量達3,334,854公 秉,其中臺北市用量約占20%,達666,9713公秉,而有鉛汽油用量則達682,085公秉,佔汽 油銷量比率49.43%,平均每天排放鉛化合物約為219.3公斤至大氣中。而臺北市空氣中的鉛 含量也已大幅降低。由民國七十九年每立方公尺空氣中懸浮微粒含量是0.40微克,至民國 八十二年已降為0.18微克,其逐年下降之趨勢相當明顯。本研究利用質量平衡計算得,臺北 市於82年時,消耗汽油中鉛80037公斤(即每天219.3公斤),並排放至大氣中,這些鉛之傳 播途徑,包括蒸發損失,每天約排放鉛8.5公斤;排氣管漏失:每日排放鉛164.5公斤;滯留 於車內46.3公斤;沈降量則達184.3公斤,風力吹送則為5.1公斤。而由空氣中含鉛量與汽油 年總含量趨於一定值(2.1×10□μg/m□/kg)得知,空氣中含鉛量與汽油中含鉛量關係密 切,吾人亦可從汽油中含鉛量降低,以改善空氣品質。 330 1$aThe influence of particulate lead in atmosphere on health is obvious by means of its toxic property. The most imporant source of lead in Taipei is due to transportation. This study showed that the number of vehicles is more than 1,566,098, and increased ten times than ten years ago. Most of the fuel is consumed by vehicles and cause lead pollution. However, the lead in atmosphere decreased with the decrease of lead content in fuel. It is effective to improve air quality by decreasing lead content in fuel. From the mass balance of lead in atmosphere, the results show that the amount of lead consumption is about 219.3 Kg/day. Furthermore, the rate of evaporation, the emission rate from pipe, and the emission rate retended in vehicles, is 8.5 Kg/day, 164.5 Kg/day, and 46.3 Kg/day respectively. The sink rate is 189.4 Kg/day, including the rate of deposition 184.3 Kg/day, and rate of reentrainment 5.1 Kg/day. It is interesting that ratio of the lead in atmosphere and in fuel is about constant and become 2.1×10□μg/m□/Kg. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。