頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 臺灣地區玉米生產潛力分析 |
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作者 | 林正錺; 陳琦玲; 姚蘭香; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 172 1995.12[民84.12] |
頁次 | 頁24-54 |
分類號 | 434.146 |
關鍵詞 | 玉米; 模式; 生產力; Corn; Model; Productivity; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究之目的在於應用驗證過之作物生長模式,評估臺灣地區受溫度與日照條件影響下的玉米生產潛力。分析方法以遍佈臺灣各地之78個氣象測站的資料,進行七個玉米品種在各測站4-10年氣象條件下,設定全年24個播種期的子實產量模擬,以全面評估臺灣地區玉米的適栽區、適栽期及可能的最高產量。模擬結果顯示:(一)以品種而言,全省各地區之綜合平均生產潛力,全年24個播種期均以PI0×304C(1)品種之潛力最大,年平均生產潛力高於本省品種臺農351號、臺南11號約10%到20%。(二)以期作而言,臺灣各地區夏作的溫度和日照條件差別不大,故模擬的生產潛力差異小,除少數例外,各地區平均生產潛力以夏作最高。但由於正逢颱風及多雨季節,栽種風險很高,實際田間產量不及預測者多。各期作的生產潛量差異主要在春作和秋作,而秋作略高於春作。差距之大小依品種而異。(三)以區域而言,除少數播種期外,全年24個播種期,都以雲嘉南地區之潛力最高。若以各播種期最大生產潛力之年平均作比較,雲嘉南地區仍為最高外,其後依次為高屏,中部,北部,臺東,花蓮。本地品種臺農351號之區域性生產潛力大小次序與前者相同。 模擬分析顯示只要配合適當的播種期與品種,各地區玉米都有6000公斤以上到10000公斤的生產潛力。若僅以本省臺農351號之平均生產潛力為考量,高屏地區一、二月,北部、花蓮和臺東地區五至七月播種,可有7000kg/ha之潛力。中部和雲嘉南地區為八、九月播種,可有7500kg/ha之潛力,除了三、四月及中部的十至十二月外,其他月份播種者亦有7000kg/ha左右之潛力。花蓮十月播種者僅約有5000kg/ha之潛力為全省潛力最低者。然臺農351號在花蓮地區九月至十一月中旬播種,其潛力比其他六個測試品種還高。以臺農351號品種在本省之春、秋作實際產量大都介於4500-6000kg/ha,顯示臺灣玉米生產藉適栽期調整,和引進改良新品種外,還可就土壤管理提高生產量。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential productivity of maize, based on daily temperature and sunshine radiation in Taiwan area, vai the application of a crop growth model. We took the climatic data of 4 to 10 years from 78 meteorological stations around the country to simulate corm productions with 24 planting dates a year. The results are: 1. Looking from the species, we found P10×304C(1) species had the largest potential productivity for the whole planting seasons. Its averaged annual production is higher than that of the local species TN351 and TN11 for more than 10% and 20% respectively. 2. Looking from the planting seasons, we found the smallest variation and the highest yield of corn planted in the summer season, due to fairly favorable type of summer temperatures and radiations. But in reality risks due typhone storms in the season should be taken into consideration, which the model did not take into account. Comparingly, plantings in spring season would have smaller variations and higher yields than that in fall season. 3. Looking from different regions, the Yun-Chia-Nan area is the highest of the averaged potential productivties in the country, followed by Kao-Ping, central, northern, Taitugn, and Hualien areas. The local variety TN351 had the similar trend of performance. The analysis indicated that every area had the potential productivity ranged from 6000kg to 10000kg, as long as the planting date and variety were matched. Taking the local variety TN351 as an example, we might have 7000kg/ha production if planted in January and February in Kao-Ping area, and in Nothern, Hualien and Taitung areas if planted in May to July without typhone damages. The variety had the potential productivity of 7500kg/ha in Yun-Chia-Nan and central areas if planted in August and September. Surveyed field data showed that TN351 had the productivity somewhere between 4500kg/ha to 6000kg/ha in most area of Taiwan whether planted in spring or fall seasons, implying there were some more rooms for increasing corn productions by variety selections as well as by improving soil management techniques. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。