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題 名 | 史記的思想性及其藝術特色 |
---|---|
作 者 | 田博元; | 書刊名 | 人文學報 |
卷 期 | 19 1995.10[民84.10] |
頁 次 | 頁59-79 |
分類號 | 610.11 |
關鍵詞 | 史記; 司馬遷; 思想; 藝術; 歷史; The historical records; Ssu, Ma-chien; Thoughts; Arts; History; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 史記是我國紀傳體史書中的不朽巨著,也是最早的一部傳記文學的總集,開創吾國傳記文學的先驅。本文旨在探討史記的思想特性及其藝術表現手法,俾瞭解史記的文學特色。 就史記思想特色而言,史記上起軒轅,下終漢武,縱貫三千多年,橫及各階層人物。然而歷史的可貴,最重要的是能「原始察終,見盛觀衰」,以為後世殷鑑。因此忠於史實,俾能「通古今之變」,也是史遷撰史的目標。而史遷作史立言,都來自孔子的精神,全書的義法,亦折衷於夫子。因此,史記所表現的褒貶義法,也豐富了史記的思想性。此外,史遷作史的目標,不僅在「通古今之變」,且要「究天人之際」,建立歷史道德的準則。 就史記的藝術表現手法而言,史記是人物的傳記,大都採用主題結構的手法,史遷在每一單篇中,多有一個中心主題,其它如章法的安排,造句遣詞以及文氣的使用,多為顯現這個中心主題而立。而對人物的思想面貌以及特有的個性,史遷比較突出而常用的是小故事及大場面的表現手法,因此人物的�d述栩栩如生,個性鮮明。此外,史遷也重視語言藝術,透過人物的說話,表現人物獨特的思想、性情、神態和身份,其駕馭語言的能力已到神而化之,不露痕跡的地步。 |
英文摘要 | The Historical Records is one of the masterpieces of all Chinese historical books. In addition, it is the earliest complete works of biography. With an view to understanding the features of The Historical Records from the standpoint of literature, and to discuss the characteristics of thoughts as well as its ways of presenting arts. With regard to the characteristics of Thoughts, first of all it lasts more than three thousand years ranging from Huangti to Emperor Kuangwu. All the activities of the people are included in The Historical Records. Yet, the value of history is all the excellent examples worthy of observing and learning. Therefore, by referring to historical facts we can realize the changes of the past and present. This is also what Ssu, Ma-chien aimed for. The criticisms that show in The Historical Records are all descended from the spirit of Confucius and that enriches its thoughtfulness. Moreover, what needs to be aware of is the other purpose of The Historical Records Ssu, Ma-Chien tries to let on: to establish the criterion of history moral through the lessons we learn from the past and present historical events. As to the way it presents arts, The Historical Records is a written history that abounds with vivid descriptions of figures. In each chapter there is a central topic. And the arrangements of chapters, wording and phrasing, and the emotion impact of the writing are all based on the central topic. The author often tells of a little story in a rather large scene and endows his figures with varied lift-like personalities. Furthermore, the author stresses the importance of language arts. How people talk and act reveals their way of thinking and their unique personalities and mien. Like the muse of poetry herself, the author is a language master and is able to delineate the story effortlessly. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。