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題 名 | The Counter Current Southeast of Lanyu Island=蘭嶼東南方的反流 |
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作 者 | 劉倬騰; 楊益; 鄭世培; 王正松; 劉秦玉; | 書刊名 | 臺灣海洋學刊 |
卷 期 | 34:1 1995.01[民84.01] |
頁 次 | 頁41-56 |
分類號 | 351.96 |
關鍵詞 | 蘭嶼; 黑潮; 反流; 巴士海峽; 鞍部; Lanyu; Kuroshio; Counter current; Bashi channel; Sill; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 在臺灣與呂宋之間,沿著黑潮流徑有座海底山脊。在蘭嶼(21°55'N, 121°33'E )附近的黑潮速度結構受到此地型很大的影響。在山脊東邊的斜坡上常可發現一條反流,其 寬度可達50km。六十年代的黑潮聯合調查並未發現這條反流,因為當時使用南森瓶採水站的 寬度約為50km。自1985年以降,使用溫鹽深儀(CTD)的重覆調查顯示,海底山脊東坡上的 海流以南向次數較多。山脊鞍部的表層流為東北向或西北向的地衡流,但是其底層流則為壓 力與摩擦力平衡的穩定西向流,將西菲律賓海的中層水及底層水經巴士海峽輸送到南海。由 流速儀錨碇資料及衛星熱輻射影像亦可証實此反流的存在。一種合理的解釋是,海底山脈不 不容許黑潮貼著斜坡北流,如同Taylor水柱問題,隆起物上的水柱幾乎不動,地衡流必須繞 過此隆起物上的水柱。起伏的地型成沿西向壓力梯度的摩擦性底流,這束1m2/s的底流將深 層水堆積在斜坡上,甚而推過鞍部。西向推積作用迫使水柱爬坡,水柱縮短而造成南向流( 約0.1m/s)以維持其位渦度。既然此南向的反流在東坡上生成,也就被鎖定在該斜坡上,自 蘭嶼北岸至約21°18'N的鞍部,因該處的東坡太深。此反流不可能是反渦漩的一部分,因為 它將伴隨東向的鞍部底流及向鞍部的斜坡流,這與觀測不合。反流系統可將浮游生物,懸浮 物質及溶解物在該區擴散,不致立即被強勁的黑潮沖走,所以浮游動物及仔稚魚應可在此區 繁殖,海洋污染物也會先在此擴散才被黑潮帶走。 |
英文摘要 | Between Taiwan and Luzon Islands, there is a submarine ridge system extending along the western boundary current, Kuroshio. The velocity structure of Kuroshio near Lanyu (21°55'N, 121°33'E) is severely altered by the bottom topography. A counter current was often found on the eastern slope of the ridge and it may extend more than 50 km eastward into the Pacific. This counter current was not found during Kuroshio studies in the 1960s because of large spacing (50 km) between Nansen bottle stations. Since 1985, repeated hydrographic surveys show that the current along the eastern slope of the ridge is more often southeastward than northward following the Kuroshio. This counter current has also been observed with two current meter moorings, and suggested by satellite thermal images. The surface current near the saddle section of the ridge is often northeastward or northwestward, while the bottom current is persistently westward transporting water from the Philippine Sea Basin to the South China Sea Basin through the sills of Bashi Channel at 760 m to 2750 m deep . The turning of current direction may well be the resuly of geostrophic balance on the surface and changing into the frictional balance to the westward pressure gradient force near the bottom. One plausible controlling mechanism is that the submarine ridge system prohibits the Kuroshio from flowing along its slope, just like the case of Taylor column problem, the water column is attached to the rise of bottom and the geostrophic current has to circumvent this water column. The rugged terrain in the vicinity of the ridge generates frictional bottom flow along the pressure gradient. This flow of about 1 m2/s piles the deep water against the ridge slope or pushes it westward across the sill. The westward deep flow drives the water column up slope, shortens its length, and the water column responds with a south ward drift to conserve its potential vorticity. This counter current of the order of 0.1 m/s is generated on and therefore locked to the eastern slope of the ridge, from the north of Lanyu island to about 21° 18'N where the still is too deep for generating frictional bottom current. This counter current can not be part of a backeddy because it will require an eastward current on the sill and a slope current towards the sill, which is contrary to the observation. Before being shielded from the swift Kuroshio, planktons, suspended matter and dissolved chemicals will be dispersed by this slow counter current first. This means that the recruitment of |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。