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頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 歐市單一市場整合、勞動遷徙與德國勞動市場之發展 |
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作 者 | 李顯峰; | 書刊名 | 中山學術論叢 |
卷 期 | 13 1995.06[民84.06] |
頁 次 | 頁205-242 |
分類號 | 542.71、542.71 |
關鍵詞 | 歐洲單一市場; 勞動市場條件; 勞動市場的管制; 就業圈內/圈外理論; The European single market; Conditions in labor market; Regulations in labor market; Insider-outsider theory; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 歐市自1993年1月1日起始實施單一市場,境內貨物、人員及資本等得以自由流通; 自 1994 年 1 月 1 日起實施第二階段的歐市貨幣同盟( EMU ),對各會員國貨幣與財政政策的運作及國際間經濟政策的因應,以及各國國內總體經濟環境都產生相當大的衝擊,而且各會員國相關的制度及法規也必須因應隨之調整及整合。 由於歐洲各國失業問題甚為嚴重,各會員國勞動市場條件隨著歐市整合而逐漸調整,使得薪資制度的差異性逐漸減少。而德國隨著東西德統一後,重建德東地區的費用超乎原先估計,使聯邦政府財政赤字不斷擴大。德東、德西兩地區薪資及勞動條件差異性仍大,使已存在的失業問題益形嚴重。德東地區全盤移入德西地區的勞動市場規範,但受限於財產權問題尚未能妥善解決、兩地勞動生產力差異及德東企業國際競爭力低落的難題,使兩地區勞動遷移加深,對於德國行之有年的集中式集體薪資及勞動條件的談判在未來可能將有所變革。 |
英文摘要 | The European Economic Community (EEC) started to build the Single Market on January 1, 1993. Within this area all goods and services, and capital could be moved and traded freely among the member countries. Since January 1, 1994 the EEC, named as the European Union (EU) now, started the second stage of the European Monetary Union (EMU) that impacted upon the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy including the macroeconomic conditions of its member countries and international financial market. Thereof, the domestic related economic laws, regulations and institutions must be adjusted and harmonized in each member country. Unemployment is so far the most severest problem in the EU where the labor conditions have to be adjusted and integrated such that the difference of labor earnings would be gradually diminished among the member countries. After the German reunification on October 3, 1990 the costs of transfer, subsidy and construction in German East which were exploded far more than that expected of the Federal Government of Germany. The unemployment problem exists still in both German-west and German-east, and becomes worse off in eastern part. The difference of labor conditions between two German parts may be enlarged. In German-east they introduce and accept all the institutions and the earnings system and fringe benefits system of the German-west, thus, the difference of labor conditions between two German parts may be enlarged. In German-east it meets with the problem of ambiguous property rights such as land, buildings etc. before and after the World War Ⅱ. that delay the investment flow from the western part and foreign countries. Besides, the low productivity of labor and weak competitiveness of their products in international market that lead continuously to the standing migration into western part from German-east. The traditionally central bargaining institutions between the trade union of business owners and representatives of the labor union at industry level will be gradually challenged in Germany, and may be reformed in the near future. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。