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題名 | 降雨模擬應用於土壤沖蝕之研究 |
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作者 | 李建堂; | 書刊名 | 中國地理學會會刊 |
卷期 | 23 1995.07[民84.07] |
頁次 | 頁39-52 |
分類號 | 328.63 |
關鍵詞 | 降雨模擬; 紋溝間沖蝕; 表層沖蝕; 雨濺沖蝕; 集聚比; 氧化物土; 紋溝間土壤可蝕性; Rainfall simulation; Interrill erosion; Wash erosion; Splash erosion; Enrichment ratio; Oxisol; Interrill erodibility; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 過去三十多年來,降雨模擬器被視為一重要的研究工具,無論在室內或田野中廣泛的應用於不同領域上的研究,例如農業上、土壤學、地形學等。雖然降雨模擬器有其應用上的缺點及限制,但是他們適合用於調查土壤表面一些基礎作用之研究。許多我們所知道的土壤沖蝕作用和坡地地形演育的知識,大都經由降雨模擬之研究而得知。本文除對降雨模擬技術的優缺點做一敘述外,利用室內降雨模擬實驗所得之資料,探討紋溝間之土壤沖蝕作用、沖積物之搬運、降雨強度、坡度等之間的相互關係,進而指出降雨模擬技術可應用於土壤沖蝕研究之領域。實驗結果顯示:(1)土壤沖蝕量隨坡度及降雨強度增加而增加;(2)紋溝間沖積物主要來自表層沖蝕作用,而平均表層沖蝕量與雨濺沖蝕量的比值在降雨強度100mm/h和152mm/h時分別為3.06:1和12.62:1;(3)與美國36種農業土壤及20種牧場地土壤比較得知,本研究所用土壤具有較低的紋溝間土壤可蝕性;(4)沖積物團粒中<63 μm之集聚比平均介於3.30到6.36之間。 |
英文摘要 | Over the past three decades, field and laboratory rainfall simulators have been widely used as a research tool in agriculture, soil science, and geomorphology. Despite some limitations of rainfall simulators, they are capable of investigating surfaceresponse processes while controlling variables are important. Much of our understanding of the soil erosion process and geomorphologic evolution of hillslopes is based on rainfall simulation studies. Laboratory rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to investigate relationships between interrill erosion processes, interrill sediment transport, slope angle, and rainfall intensity. Results indicate that: (1) sediment transport increases with increasing slope angle and rainfall intensity as other studies; (2)the relative importance of contributing sediment from interrill to rill area is runoff wash, and the mean ratios of wash sediment to splash sediment are 8.06:1 and 12.62:1 at rainfall intensities 100mm/h and 152mm/h, respectively; (3) compared with U.S. cropland soils (n=36) and rangeland soils (n=20), this experimental soil hsa much lower interrill erodibility value; (4) overall enrichment ratios of small aggregate (<63 μ m) range from 3.30 to 6.36 in eroded sediment. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。