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題名 | 栽培水稻遠緣雜交標識基因之異常分離(1):位於第5染色體之d-1、gh-1及nl-1基因= |
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作者 | 羅義植; 吳詩都; 曾富生; |
期刊 | 中華農學會報 |
出版日期 | 19950600 |
卷期 | 170 1995.06[民84.06] |
頁次 | 頁104-123 |
分類號 | 434.114 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 遠緣雜交; 標識基因; 異常分離; 受精競爭基因; 連鎖群; Distorted segregation; Gametophyte gene; Linkage group; Marker gene; Oryza sativa L.; Wide cross; |
中文摘要 | 為探討栽培水稻遠緣雜交後代標識基因之異常分離的遺傳行為,本試驗以秈型栽培水稻5個品種(新竹矮腳尖、臺中秈3號、臺中在來1號、BG35-2及Pankai)與帶有標識基因之3個稉稻品系CH-108具有金黃色護穎和節間-1基因(gh-1)、CH-109具有大黑矮性基因(d-1)及CH-110具有穗首苞葉績因(n1-1)進行雜交,將各雜交組合之F₁種子分別種植於桃園、臺中及屏東等三個不同地區及不同水耕栽培處理(重氮肥、高溫、低溫、缺硼),調查F₁單株的的稔實率。並將各地區之F₁單株的F₂種子,均種植在臺中中興大學,調查各供試之標識基因在F₂族群之分離比以了解標識基因在F₂族群異常分離現象;再由不同水耕處理,正反雜交、回交後代及F₃系統分析受精競爭基因造成標識基因之異常分離,並標定受精競爭基因與標識基因之連鎖關係。 15組合遠緣雜交後代之F₁種植於桃園、臺中及屏東三個地區的稔實率介於40~60%之間,而在不同水耕處理栽植之新竹矮腳尖X CH-109之F₁之稔實率亦介於13.11~12.42%均呈明顯降低現象。所有參試雜交後代之種子的發芽均正常,而且其F₂個體並無雜種弱勢現象。三個標識基因在所有雜交組合F₂世代均呈異常分離。同樣水耕處理者亦有類似結果。 d-1與秈稻間之五個正反雜交組合之F₂族群,皆呈異常分離;以d-1為父本進行回交時,其回交後代呈1:1之分離比;但以F₁為父本回交,皆呈異常分離。因此推論異常分離可能不是F₁無法發芽、F₁不稔性、F₂弱勢、配子發育基因、細胞質基因及環境淘汰之作用等原因所造成,而是受精競爭基因(gametophyte gene: ga)造成。 本試驗所釐定之受精競爭基因的符號為ga-14(t)及ga-15(t)。由F₃系統之連鎖分析結果,受精競爭基因與標識基因之組換值,因各地區不同而異。經加權平均法估算其平均值,得知第五染色體之gh-1, d-1及n1-1三個標識基因與受精競爭基因之連鎖關係為:gh-1與ga-14(t)及d-1與ga-14(t)之組換值為23.5±4.3%及26.2±4.7%而n1-1與ga-15(t)基因之組換值為21.7±4.7%。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this study was to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the distorted segresation of marker genes in crosses between Indica and Japonica linkage testers. Five Indica varieties were used as maternal parents for the crosses in this study. The 3 linkage testers used included 3 strains carrying a marker gene, i.e., gh-1 (golden hull and internode-1), d-1 (daikoku dwarf), and nl-1 (neck leaf-1) on chromosome 5 which can be distinguished by morphological traits. The F₁ plants were growing in Taoyuan, Taichung, and Pingutng areas or grown hydroponically under heavy nitrogen, high temperature, low temperature, or born-deficient conditions. Pooled data from 3 locations indicated that the seed fertility rates of F₁ hybrids ranged from 40 to 80% for Indica×Japonica (linkage tester) crosses. The F₁ seed fertility rates ranged between 13 and 23% under hydroponical culture conditions. Three genes showed distorted segregationin in the F₂ populations from all crosses. The transmission rates of gh-1/gh-1, d-1/d-1 and nl-1/nl-1 homozygotes were 11.52-17.86%, and 7.36-18.92%, respectively. When F₁ hybrids was cultured under hydroponical conditions, the distorted segregation of d-1 gene in the F₂ populations was similar to those derived from F₁ hybrids grown in different locations. Results from reciprocal crosses indicated distorted segregation of the gene in the F₂ populations. In backcrosses with d-1 tester as the male parent, the ratio of dominant to recessive plants fitted the expected 1:1 value, indicating monogenic segregation. However, for backcrosses with F₁ as the male parent, the segregation of these genes distorted significantly from the 1:1 ratio. It was therefore hypothesized that the distorted segregation in this case was caused by a gametophyte genen. The distorted segregation of gene d-1, gh-1, and nl-1 were caused by the same gametophyte gene. The genes for gametic effects recorded in this study was symbolized as ga-14(t) and ga-15(t). The weighted means of recombination values between gh-1 and ga-14(t), d-1 and ga-14(t), and nl-1 and ga-15(t) on chromosome 5 were 23.5±4.3%, 26.2±4.7%, and 21.7±4.7%, respectively. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。