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題名 | 珍珠粟-狼尾草複二倍體與野生種狼尾草之雜交種之細胞遺傳與性狀之研究 |
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作 者 | 成游貴; | 書刊名 | 畜產研究 |
卷期 | 27:4 1994.12[民83.12] |
頁次 | 頁311-323 |
分類號 | 434.44 |
關鍵詞 | 珍珠粟-狼尾草複二倍體; 野生種狼尾草; 無融合生殖; Pearl millet-napiergrass amphidiploid; P. squamulatum; Apomixis; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 以珍珠粟-狼尾草複二倍體與野生種狼尾草雜瞭解其雜交後裔之細胞傳與植物性狀,並探討由野生種狼尾草導入無融合生殖(apomixes)性狀於栽培種狼尾草或珍珠粟之可行性。由性狀調查結果顯示,所有雜交種為多年生,一般性狀都介於雙親之間或比較近於野生種狼尾草,如株高、葉寬、分藥數、莖徑、花穗形態、酯?等。野生種狼尾草染色體數2n=54,複二倍體體細胞染色體數2n=42,雜交種染色體數為2n=46~2n=51。雜交種於減數分裂時,染色體配對有單價體、三價體、四價體及多價體等。在分裂末期則有延遲分離之雙價體、不等分裂之多價體、遲滯染色體及染色體橋出現。三價體及多價體配對之出現,顯示三物種之染色體組有近緣之關係存在。雜交種之花粉可染率最高可達62%,每穗結實數為0~33.1粒。由雜交種自然授粉後裔之性狀與染色體數調查顯示,有些雜交種與其後裔之染色體數、性狀與酯?都有明顯差異,有些雜交種與自然授粉之後裔間染色體數、性狀及酯?,沒有明顯差異,尤其具有奇數染色體之雜夜種,其後裔亦如親本。這些雜交種後裔亦含無融合胚囊。由以上結果顯示,apomixis基因已在後裔表現,這些正常花粉率與結實數良好之後裔,將可作為進一步轉移無融合生殖基因於栽培種之橋樑。 |
英文摘要 | Trispecific hybrids were obtained by crossing pearl millet-napiergrass amphidiploid, Strain 7418 (2n=42), with P squamulatum (2n=54) to investigate cytogenetics, agronomic characterstics of hybrids and the possibilities of transferring apomixes from P aquamulatum to cultivated napiergrass or pearl millet. Agronomic characteristics of hybrids were intermediate between the parents or more like P. squamulatum, such as plant height, leaf length and width, tillers, stem diameter, inflorescence and esterase isozyme patterns. The trispecific hybrids possessed 46 to 51 somatic chromosomes. Meiotic behavior at diakiness and metaphase I were irregular with univalents, trivalents, quadrivalents and other multivalents. Delayed separation of bivalens, unequal segregation of multivalents, lagging chromosomes and chromatid bridges were observed at anaphase I. Trivalents and higher multivalens indicated possible homology among the genome of the three species. Pollen stainability in the hybrids was ranged from 0% to 62% and seed set was ranged from 0 to 33.1 seeds per panicle under open pollination. Some of progenies from open pollination of hybrids were showed variation in chromosomes, plant characteristics and esterase. Some hybrids especially aneuploids have uniform progenies or matromophic, unusually high seed set, and chromosome number remaining constant from parent to progenies. Apomictic embryo sac was also observed in those progenies. It was showed that genes controlling apomixes were transferred from P. squamulatum and expressed in the hybrids. These hybrids with high pollen stainability and seed set may serve as bridging to transfer apomixes genes from wild Pennisetum to cultivated species. |
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