頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 日本農業新政策之探討 |
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作 者 | 羅明哲; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 15 1995.01[民84.01] |
頁 次 | 頁157-186 |
分類號 | 431.1 |
關鍵詞 | 日本; 農業; 政策; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文以日本農業政策演變歷程(1946∼1991)作為背景說明,繼而闡述日本農業新政策(1992)的觀點與方向,取後評析新政策的特質、施行可能面臨的課題,及其對臺灣農業政策研擬的啟示。 戰後日本農業的演變,歷經奠定保護農政(1946∼1959)、農業基本法農政(1960∼1984)、總合農政(1967∼1976)、地區農政(1977∼1984)、適應國際化的農政(1985∼1991)等五個階段,其皆能因應經濟社會情勢的轉變及需求,由於糧食自給率的降低、農業就業人口得減少、率作放棄地的增加,以及夫業化、高齡化、混住化的情況顯著,故於1992年提出「新政策」,即邁向「新政策的」的農政階段。 新政策的觀點著眼於糧食、農業與農村等方面,並以農業基本法為主幹,提出具前膽性、綜合性及週延性的措施。並訂定以十年左右為目標的政策方向,其在確保糧食安全,培育農業經營體,調整稻米生產及管理措施,重視價格機能,活化農村地區,顧及環境保全,發展食品產業,研究農業新支術,健全農業團體、機關及行政組織,加強國際合作。 日本農業新政策的特質,在於強調反應市場價格機能替代價格支持政策,兼顧環境保全及效率原則,以職業選擇替代父子相承的觀念,視建構農業經營體及法人化,強調國土均衡發展以維護農村活力。然而新政策的實行亦面臨三大課題,即農業保護及市場競爭如何取得平衡,經營體耕地規模(未來十年10∼20公頃)達成的挑戰,具體方案的擬定及相關法令的修訂。 日本農業新政策的點與方向,對於臺灣農業政策研擬有重要的啟示。臺灣農業為因應加入GATT的情勢宣研修現行的政策方向與措施,積極培育農業經營者及建構農業經營體,研擬降低產銷成本與重視市場競爭,促進農地有效利用與增進農村活力,基於國民立場尋求共識。 |
英文摘要 | This paper focuses on the historical bakground (1946-1991) and policy direction explanation of Japanese agricultural policy. Assessment on the 「New Japanese Agricultural Policy」 is also performed. The implications for Taiwan's agricultural Policy are discussed. After WWII, Japanese agricultural evolution could be divided into five stages, namely protection settledown (1946-59), agricultural basic law (1960-66), integration (1967-76), regional (1977-84), and adjustment for internationalization (1985-91) agricultural policy. All these agricultural policies were set to cope with social economic movements and requirements. Several important phenomenon such as the decreasing food self sufficiency, reducing farming employment, increasing set-aside farm land, significant part-time farming, aging farmers, and mixed dwelling, the 「New Agricultural Policy」Was submitted in 1992 to be another policy stage in Japan. The viewpoints of the new agricultural policy emphasized on advanced, integrated, and binding measures for food , agriculture, and rural area under the support of the「Agricultural Basic Law」. It is a 10-year policy direction that assure food security, cultiveates agricultural operational groups, adjusts rice protection and management measures, adides by price function, activates rural area, looks after environmental protection, develops food industry, researches on new agricultural, technology strengthens agricultural associations, institutions, and administrative onganizations, and enhances international cooperation. The special characteristics of the「New Japanese Agricultural Policy」are the emphasis of market price function instead of price support, the care of environmental protection and efficiency principle, the concept of selective careers instead of generational inheritance, the focus of constructing operational body to be corporates, and the emphasis of balanced national land development for the maintenance of active rural area. However, the practice of the 「New Agricultural Policy」faces three major jssues which are the balance between agricultural protection and market competition and market competition, the challenge to reach 10-20 hectare operational scale within 10 years, and the set up and amendment of complete and eddective articles and relative regulations, respectively. There are important implications for Taiwan in terms of the concept and direction of Japanese new agricultural policy. To join GATT, Taiwan needs to study on the amendment of current policy direction and measures, to actively cultivate farm operators and construct operational body, to accelerate the reduction of production and marketing costs for market competition, to promote effective usage of agricultural land for the improvement of rural activeness, and to search for consensus based on the status of national people as a whole. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。