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題名 | 臺灣結縷草屬植物之分佈及形態變異 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 翁仁憲; 廖天賜; 陳奕君; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 169 1995.03[民84.03] |
頁次 | 頁44-54 |
分類號 | 377.2124 |
關鍵詞 | 結縷草; 草坪草; 分佈; 形態; 遺傳變異; Zoysia; Turf grass; Distribution; Morphology; Genetic variation; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在1993年春及1994夏於全臺,包括澎湖及蘭嶼進行結縷草屬植物之分佈調查,並在54個地點採集147個樣本。樣本攜回臺中,種植於直徑14cm之盆中,在移植3-4月後進行節間長、葉片長度、寬度及葉片著生角度之測定,在抽穗期測量其小穗長度。結果發現結縷草屬植物自然分佈於多種不同自然環境之海岸地帶,包括沙丘、鹽田及潮間帶等自然條件惡劣之處。在澎湖則成為優是草種。原產於本島西海岸者,其小穗長度多數大於4mm,應係中華結縷草(Zosia sinica),而原產於東海岸北段、北海岸東段及澎湖者,其小穗大多小於3mm,應係馬尼拉芝(Z. matrella)。而東海岸南段及北海岸西段原產者,其小穗長度小於3mm及大於4mm者各約占45%及30%,則為過渡地帶,而小穗長度在3-4mm者,在東海岸南段及北海岸西段等過渡地帶之頻度較高,約占20%,其他族群則甚低。在本研究採及過程中尚未在野外發現有日本芝(Z. japonica)之存在。而高麗芝(Z. tenuifolia)則多在人工草坪中發現,在野外只有蘭嶼採到一個樣本。盆植於臺中3-4月後,不同樣本間其外型具有很大的差異,節間長最短者為0.9cm,最長者為4.2cm,葉長最短者為1.8cm,最長者7.5cm,葉片著生角度最小者為9°,最大者為82°、葉寬除採於蘭嶼之高麗芝1.4mm外,其餘各樣本之變異幅度較小,均在2-3mm之間,此等外型與其生育地之海岸地型有關連,原產於岩岸者,具有較短之節間,葉片短而張開等平鋪地面之特性。反之,原產於砂岸地區者,則具有較長的節間,葉片長而直立等不容易被流砂埋沒之特性,以上結果顯示臺灣之結縷草屬植物具有很高之遺傳及形態變異,除了可提供其生態生理及地理分佈之資本資料外,上可應用於草坪植物之選育工作上。 |
英文摘要 | In the spring of 1993 and the summer of 1994, investigation on the distribution of Zoysia spp. in Taiwan was conducted, and 147 samples were collected. The plants were transplanted to the diameter 14 cm pots at Taichung. The length of internode and of leaf, leaf width, as well as leaf angle of the plants were measured three to four months after potting, while spikelet length in flowering stage was determined. The results indicated that Zoysia spp. are able to grow in littoral regions with drough, salinity, or oxygen deficient soils. The conspicuous morphological variations of the sampled plants after 3-4 months potting at Taichung were found, the range of internode length, leaf length, leaf width and leaf angel wer 0.9-4.2 cm, 1.8-7.5 cm, 2-3 mm and 9-82°, respectively. The populations of eastern coast showed high frequency of short spikelet(2-3 mm), should be classified in Z. matrella, while those of west coast showed high frequency of long spikelet (>4 mm), might be considered as Z. sinica. The differences in leaf and internode lengths of the samples might be due to the plants sampled from the various topography. The potted plants collected from the dune sites showed longer leaf, longer internode, and narrower lea angle than those from the rock coast sites. Based on the above mentioned facts, it was concluded that the Zoysia spp. population in Taiwan area possess great genetic variation. This information could be applied to ecophysiological research and genetic resource for breeding of turf grass. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。