頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 清末大陸來臺郊商的興衰--臺灣史、中國史、世界史之一結合思考 |
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作 者 | 林滿紅; | 書刊名 | 國家科學委員會研究彙刊. 人文及社會科學 |
卷 期 | 4:2 1994.07[民83.07] |
頁 次 | 頁173-193 |
分類號 | 733.4 |
關鍵詞 | 臺灣郊商; 大陸資本; 傳統商人; 兩岸經貿關係; 開發中國家之雙重附屬關係; 亞洲內部經濟關係; Taiwan's guild merchant; Mainland capital; Traditional merchant; Economic-trade relationship across the Taiwan Straits; Dual dependency of the developing country; Intra-Asian economic relationship; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 全文首先在郊商涵義方面指出:以往學者大多因為郊商在臺灣各大城鎮的活躍地 位而忽略他們有很多是「家在大陸而店在臺灣」的大陸籍商人。往來兩岸的船隻主要是由他 們所製造、所經營,承購兩岸貿易品的資金很多是由他們所提供。在日治之前,郊商對於兩 岸的直接貿易有著高度的壟斷權。其次,在 1909 年至 1990 年間有十位研究郊商的學者, 認為郊商在西力東漸之後因為不敵西力競爭,加上郊商本身的腐化而告衰弛。本文指出以往 學者所用來說明清末臺灣郊商衰微的證據多半是十九世紀上半葉的證據。事實上,十九世紀 上半葉的中國曾經受到世界性經濟蕭條的波及,臺灣也連帶受到影響,而在咸豐後期一直到 光緒二十年間(約當十九世紀下半葉),郊商即使有港口淤積的問題,就整體而言(個別商 家之起伏及短期波動不包括在內),無論就其往來於兩岸之間的帆船數,在臺灣沿岸城市所 設的郊行數目,或是臺灣與大陸之間的進出口商品數量而言,都有所增加。郊商在商業管理 方面也有若干現代化發展。此時臺灣郊商更為擴張也與世界性經濟大致較為景氣有關。以往 有學者認為臺灣的郊商在西力東漸之後轉而依附於英國資本之下、或臺灣與大陸的關係因此 而告式微。實則,清末臺灣郊商的資本非常倚重大陸上的山西票號與錢莊資本;清末臺灣由 對外貿易所賺取的財富也可以購買更多的大陸物資。郊商與清朝官僚體系又有密切的非正式 關係。這些發展使清末的兩岸政治經濟關係更為加強而非式微,也可以印證晚近越來越多的 世界經濟史學者所說:亞洲內部貿易在西力東漸以後更為擴張,中國商人在東亞海域之內舉 足輕重。但是就清末臺灣郊商的興衰看來,亞洲內部貿易在西力東漸以後並不完全都在擴張 之中,它還受到世界經濟起伏的影響而有所起落。臺灣與若干世界經濟史學者所觀察到的東 亞或西印度洋一些個案一樣,在西力東漸以後發展對以歐美為中心的世界資本市場及對本國 資本市場的雙重依附關係,而與拉丁美洲、中東、部分非洲等資本原較薄弱地區,在西力東 漸以後發展對英美資本的絕對依賴關係有所不同。 |
英文摘要 | Previous researchers have claimed that guild merchants trading between Taiwan and Mainland China during the Qing dynasty declined from the 1820s to 1895 due to Western competition, the merchants' own internal corruption, and the silting of harbors used by junks. In this paper, I point out that most of the evidence that previous studies relied on was based on early nineteenth century observations--made during a time when both Taiwan and the Mainland were hit hard by a worldwide recession. Actually, the later part of the century was marked by an economic boom, especially from the late 1850s to the 1880s; despite Western competition, guild merchants prospered during that time. Though some guild merchants trading to Taiwan during this period were dependent indirectly on Western capital following Western penetration into Asian countries, a lot of them were more dependent on Chinese capital provided by the Shanxi and other native banks--thus developing a case of dual-dependency. A number of recent studies have stressed the increase in intra-Asian trade as an offshoot of Western peneration; Chinese merchants often constituted the dominant force behind the movement of goods between Asian countries. The prosperity of guild merchants trading from mainland to Taiwan in the late nineteenth century serves as one example. Trade across the Taiwan straits, while, further shows its fluctuation together with the world economic cycle around 1850 and the later collapse of the guild merchants trading from mainland to Taiwan together with the Qing government with which they had intimare informal relationship. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。