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題 名 | Ancient Indian Poetics:A Brief Survey=古代印度詩學:一個簡述 |
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作 者 | Nath,Anjan K.; | 書刊名 | 東海學報 |
卷 期 | 35(文學院) 民83.07 |
頁 次 | 頁149-163 |
分類號 | 837.21 |
關鍵詞 | 古代; 印度; 詩學; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 大多數的印度文學,其靈感的基礎與來源是梵文文學。梵文文學可以回溯到遠古 時代的文法學家雅斯喀( Yaska, 約西元前四世紀)以及劇作家及理論家波羅多( Bharata, 約西元前二世紀至西後二世紀)的著作; 而後者的《戲劇論》( the Natyasastra )詳細論述了劇場的技術,它處理到劇本、舞台效應、音樂、舞蹈及演出等問 題。一些學派始依循波羅多的討論而發展出來,藝術的理論批評也因而成為一門獨立的學科 ,就如同當今西方文壇跟隨維根斯坦,語言哲學及語言學等方面的理論一般。在本文中,我 試圖涵蓋了梵文文學中的主要學派並對主要之批判性理論做一描述。對於 Rasa 學派以及「 鑑賞家」( rasika )之概念則予以更多的說明,因為此一概念貫穿印度文學直到今日。本 文在某些地方只是以提指的方式指出印度與西方文學的相似處,這些對於熟悉此二者的人應 是相當明白的。本文在結論時指出:印度的文學批評及批評理論是傾向於建構性的,其中主 要的目的是藉由語言的適切使用而將全部的文學普遍化。這種語言與經驗的普遍化可以引導 具備想像力之審美者邁向一個超越世俗的幸福境界。如此,印度詩學是較傾向於哲學的與神 秘的,而非具體的與混雜性美感的。 |
英文摘要 | The basis and source of inspiration of most Indian literatures lie in Sanskrit literature dating back to antiquity in the works of the grammarian Yaska(c.4BC) and the dramatist, theorist Bharata (c.2BC-2AD), whose treatise on dramaturgy, the Natyasastra, elaborates on the techniques of the theatre, dealing with libretto, stage effects, music, dance, and histrionics. Several schools of thought developed following the discussions of Bharata and theoretical criticism of the arts became a discipline in its own right much the same as it is today in Western literary circles in the wake of the theories of Ludwig Wittgenstein, the Philosophical school of language, and Linguistics (the scientific study of language). In the present paper I have endeavoured to cover the most prominent schools of thought in Sanskrit literature and have given general descriptions of their major critical constructs. Some detail of the Rasa school and the concept of the rasika has been entered into as this concept pervades Indian literature to this day Comparisons with western literature has been kept to only a mention at certain places simply to draw out the similarities, which may be obvious to those acquainted with the subject. The paper concludes by noting that Indian literary criticism and critical theory has tended towards being constructive where the main purpose is the universalization of all literatures through the proper use of language. This universalization of language and experience could lead the aesthete--the man with an educated imagination--to state of super-mundane bliss. Thus Indian poetics is more inclined towards the philosophical and mystical rather than towards the neurological and synaesthetical. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。