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題名 | 大豆的葉群結構對於生育與種實收量的影響 |
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作者 | 蘇匡基; 彭武男; 楊建南; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 75 1971.09[民60.09] |
頁次 | 頁43-54 |
關鍵詞 | 大豆; 生育; 葉群結構; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 為探究由不同株型的大豆品種(臺大高雄5號-寬葉分枝型,Harosoy--小葉、少分枝型,農試63-8--長葉,中分枝型) 配合不同栽植密度(11株/m2及44株/m2),不同栽植方式(行距:株距,1:1及4:1) 所構成的葉?表層對於光線的利用情形,植株型態與種實實產量的關係,於民國59年春作在新竹(填土)及臺南(砂壤土)二處進行本試驗,其所得結果如次: (一)植株型態:各品種之株高均隨栽植密度之增加而愈高,分枝數則愈少,分枝角度愈小(由30度降至15~20度),主莖節數亦減少,節間則愈長。由疏植到密植,各品種在型態上的變化程度Harosoy較小,臺大高雄5號及農試63-8較大。乾莖重/葉面積(Density-thickness) 以Harosoy 63.00 g/dm?2最高,臺大高雄5號56.19 g/dm?2 最低。栽植方式對植株型態,則並無顯著差異。 (二)結莢情形:總結夾數除品種間之差異外,密植會減低其結莢數目,增加其不稔莢果,但Harosoy無論密植會疏植,均無不稔莢果的發現,種子百粒重亦隨密植而減小。 (三)寬葉、多分枝型的臺大高雄5號,在11~44株/m2密植時,由于其營養生長旺盛,大約在葉面積指數(LAI)達到3.3~4.8左右時,其葉?上部的葉片互相遮蔭,形成阻害光線透過的葉?表層(Canopy peripheries),以後雖然LAI再繼續增加,葉?內部的葉片,仍多被表層遮光,其透光率僅7~20%而已。小葉,節間短,少分枝型的Harosoy,其LAI始終在0.04至2.59之範圍內,其葉?剖面,尚不能形成不透光線的葉?表層。在正方形密植栽培時,其基部尚有40%的光線透過,如長方形排列栽植時,行間尚能得到85~90%。長葉、中分枝型的農試63-8,如密植時則有阻?透光的葉?表層形成(其LAI約為4.00),但殊植時則無此現象。 (四)臺大高雄5號之產量,密植反而比疏值為低;農試63-8在新竹密植時較疏值者略低,在臺南則略高;Harosoy 則愈密植,產量愈有顯著的增加。 (五)陽光能透過至葉?深處的小葉、少分枝型品種,較長葉、中分枝型品種,或寬葉、多分枝型品種,如配合密植栽培時,可能會顯著的提高單位面積之產量。 |
英文摘要 | Canopy architectures were composed by 3 plant types (Broad leaflet, branching type, narrow leaflet, medium branching type, small leaflet, non-branching type), two population desities (11 plants and 44 plants per m2) and two planting patterns (square and oblong). Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of canopy architectures on the morphological characteristics and grain yield of soybean in spring crops at Hsinchu (clay soil) and Tainan (sandy soil). Plant height, length of node increased as plant population increased. Number of branch, length of branch, and extent of branch decreased as plant population increasesd. The change of morphological characteristics were little on Harosoy (small leaflet type) than on Taita-Kaohsiung No. 5 (Broad leaflet type) or Non-su 63-8 (Narrow leaflet type). Number of pods per plant decreased with close spacing. Rate of developed pod increased as population increased on Taita-Kaosiung No.5 and Non-su 63-8, but there was no undeveloped pod on Harosoy. On broad leaflet, branching type, Taita-Kaosiung No. 5, the leaf area index (LAI) increased rapidly as the population increased. The interception periphery was completed at the top of canopy when their LAI reached to 3.3 (11 plants per m2) -4.6(44 plants per m2). After this period, the LAI increased continuously, but the predominant interception at the periphery of the canopy indicated that many middle and lower leaves were not receiving adequate radiation (Rate of light penetration was only 7-20%). On small leaflet, non-branching type, Harosoy, the LAI were always under 2.59, and the interception periphery on the canopy were not able to cmoplete till harvesting. On the bottom between rows, there was 40% of light penetration, in square pattern, 85-90% in oblong pattern. It means that small leaflet, non-branching type variety grown under close spacing is more efficient in utilizing the intercepted solar radiation. Narrow leaflet, medium branching type, Non-su 63-8 completed the interception periphery at LAI 4.00 close spacing, but did not complete on the 44 plants per m2 plot. Generally, more LAI and shorten period to complete the interception periphery were observed when the population density increased. The grain yield decreased as population increased on Taita-Kaosiung No. 5. Harosoy yielded about twice as much grain as population increased from 11 plants to 44 plants per m2. The grain yield of Non-su 63-8 increased at Tainan, but decreased at Hsinchu as population increased. The above data has shown the strong relationship between penetration of solar radiation and yield under close spacing. The small leaflet, non-branching type, or narrow leaflet, medium-branching type might be better than varieties having broad leaflet, branching type under extreme close spacing condition. |
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