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題名 | 東亞地區不同強度寒潮爆發過程動力結構之比較 |
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作者 | 江火明; 彭穎聖; | 書刊名 | 大氣科學 |
卷期 | 22:1 1994.03[民83.03] |
頁次 | 頁77-110 |
分類號 | 328.5 |
關鍵詞 | 寒潮; 冷氣團; 等位溫面分析; 位渦; Cold surge; Cold air mass; Isentropic analysis; Potential vorticity; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 東亞地區冬季的天氣型態主要是受極地冷高壓和阿留申低壓所控制。極地冷氣團經常從源地向較低緯度地區快速潰流,這樣的天氣過程就是所謂的寒潮爆發。 本文選取1978年12月25~29日與1979年1月25~31日兩個寒潮個案。前者為中度寒潮,冷氣團向東移動而未大舉向南潰流造成東北地區氣溫劇降,但華南、臺灣地區寒潮的強度不強;後者為整個東亞地區都屬於強寒潮的個案。由等位溫面的高度場、M氏流函數、位渦以及氣塊軌跡的分析,比較不同強度寒潮爆發過程演變的差異。 結果顯示冷心的強弱與東亞地區的寒潮強度並無直接的關係存在,寒潮強度的強弱主要是由冷平流的大小和方向來決定。極強寒潮個案的中高緯度氣旋位於冷心的東南方,因此,極強寒潮個案的冷空氣是來自較高緯度的地區,較弱的寒潮個案的中高緯度氣旋則是在冷心的北邊,且其流函數脊沒有強烈的發展,因此冷空氣的緯向運動分量大,而經向運動的分量卻很小,致使低溫的範圍僅限於高緯度地區的東北地方、朝鮮半島與日本北方。 |
英文摘要 | Cold Surge is a common phenomenon over eastern Asia during each winter season. Such events are generally associated with a surface anticyclone-cyclone couplet between which the southward transport of cold air occurs from a high latitude source region. The very cold air associated with these outbreaks can severely disrupt man's activities in the affected regions. Two cold surge cases are analyzed in this study. The first one occurred on 25-29 December 1978. The cold air mass moved eastward and the temperature decreased rapidly in the northern China, Korea and Japanese area, but not extended to southern China. The second one which was a strong cold surge case occured on 25-31 Janurary 1979. The air mass move southeastward and cold air outbroked over the southern China and Taiwan area. The topography, Montgomery stream function, potential vorticity and trajectories at isentropic surface were examined to compare the dynamical structure between these two different intensity cold surge cases. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。