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來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 現代教學革新與教室設計的發展趨勢 |
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作 者 | 湯志民; | 書刊名 | 初等教育學刊 |
卷 期 | 2 1993.11[民82.11] |
頁 次 | 頁33-91 |
分類號 | 527.52 |
關鍵詞 | 教室設計; 教學革新; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 教室是實施班級教學最基本的單位空間,也是學校教育設施中最重要的教學活動場所。教室設計係指班級教學空間的規畫及其規格形式、物理環境和附屬設施的整體配置能符應教學活動需求之歷程。由於教室兼具教學、學習和休憩功能,教室設計不僅影響教師的教學,也會影響學生的行為,其重要性不言而喻。 1990年代,學校教育的目的在追求「平等」和「卓越」 ,前者強調「教育是所有人的權利」,後者強調「給每個人最好的教育」,而平等、卓越的教育需有教學革新的理念與之配合並據以實現。現代教學革新,受認知心理學、人本心理學以及社會快速變遷的影響,主要有三個明顯的發展趨向,即個別化的教學、思考化的教學和有效的教學,教室的設計自應與之配合,以促進教學效果的提升。 過去二千年來教室的設計有很戲劇性的變化,其發展概況大致由戶外、沒有固定空間和貧乏的設備,慢慢走向室內、有固定的空間和充實的設備十九世紀以前,教室設計並不受重視,二十世紀以後則迅速發展,由簡易的木造和磚造教室,發展為標準化的RC造或鋼骨模造教室,再發展為具有開放空間的現代化多目的教室。教室設計的主要發展趨勢有六:(1)規格形式彈性化,(2)空間規畫多樣化, (3)物理環境舒適化,(4)情境佈置教育化,(5)設施配置生活化,(6)教學設備現代化。對國內國民中、小學未來教室設計的發展方向,有諸多啟示與深值省思之處。 |
英文摘要 | Being the basic unit space for class teaching, classrooms are the most important teaching setting of school facilities. The classroom design is the process of planning the space, the specification and form, the physical en-vironment and the facilities to meet the needs of teaching activities. With the multifunctions of teaching, learning and recreation, it is obvious that classroom design has not only an impact on teachers' teaching but also on students' behavior. In the 1990s, the goals for school education are to pursue "equity" and "excellence"; the former emphasizes "a right for all" , and the latter "the best for each". To achieve the goals, the idea of teaching innovation must be held. Under the influences of cognitive psychology, humanistic psychology and rapid social change, there are three main trends are shown as individualized teaching, thinking teaching and effective teaching in the modern teaching innovation. The classroom design, therefore, should be matched to promot teaching effectiveness. The classroom design has undergone dramatic change over the past two thousand years. In earlier days, classrooms used to be out in the open air, unfixed space with poor equipment, gradully , they tend to be indoors with fixed space and a bundant equipment. Before the nineteenth cent□ry, the class room design was not to be considered as so important. However , it devel-oped repidly after the twentieth century. classrooms that made of wood and brick were replaced by reinforced concrete or steel plate model, and then tend to modernish multipurpose with open space ones. The classroom design has six main trends: (l)the flexibility of the specification and form, (2)the variety of space planning, (3)the comfortableness of the physical environ-ment, (4)the educativeness of the situation arrangement, (5)the livableness of the facilities arrangement, (6) the modernization oh the teaching equipments. For the elementary and junior high schools here in Taiwan, The trends mentioned above cast some light on the possible directions of future classroom design. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。