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題名 | 水庫淤砂現象中互動過程之初步研究 |
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作者 | 謝正倫; 劉長齡; 張進益; | 書刊名 | 力學 |
卷期 | 9:2 1993.06[民82.06] |
頁次 | 頁125-138 |
分類號 | 443.96 |
關鍵詞 | 互動過程; 水庫淤砂; 淤積丘; Reservoir sedimentation; Interation process; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文以實驗及數值模擬方法,探討水庫淤砂過程及其內部之力學機制( Mechanisms )。 實驗係以一狹長之渠道連接於一寬廣之水槽中,並於渠道上遊端供水及加 砂。 以觀察水流狹帶泥砂注入寬廣水域後其流場、 泥砂傳輸與地形變化三者間相互作用( Interaction )之關係,並以非線性之二維淺水流理論,配合懸浮泥砂之擴散方程式,底床 泥砂之輸送公式及泥沙之連續方程式聯立以說明上述之互動現象。方程組之求解係之數值計 算為之。由實驗及數值解析結果顯示,當水流進入水庫等寬廣水域後,因水流動量之側向傳 輸及水深變化的影響,使中心軸上流速漸減,而水流中所挾帶之泥砂乃逐漸淤積,並在底床 上形成一對稱於中心軸之舌狀淤積體,此種微地形之改變,反饋於流場時,使水流動量之側 向傳輸的範圍更加大,而中心軸上流速減衰之程度也明顯的加劇。相對於此種流場之改變, 水中泥砂之傳輸及淤積的範圍顯著朝兩側加大,而淤積體也就更形成長。因此水庫之淤積過 程,實可視為流場、物質傳輸及底床變動三者間相互作用之結果。此種相互作用之力學機制 及三者在時間及空間上的變化特性,在本文中皆有述及。 |
英文摘要 | The real mechanism of reservoir deposition process is complicated. It is necessarily simulated both by experimental and numerical methods. The experiment is done in a test basin in connecting with a relatively narrow channel. Observation is made about the silting effect when the channel flow enters the broad basin. The numerical solution is based on the nonlinear two dimensional shallow water equations in coupling with the diffusion equation and the equation of continuity. Both results from experimental and numerical works show that the velocity along the central axis of test basin gradually decreases due to the lateral momemtum transfer and depth variation. Consequently the sediment deposits and forms tongue-like delta. The small change of bed form will, in turn, affect the flow field. Then the lateral momentum transfer becomes stronger and stronger, and the velocity weaker and weaker. The delta lasts longer and the deposion mass bigger. Therefore, the reservoir deposition process can be regarded as the result of mutual interactions of flow field, mass transfer and bed variation. For the above said three, the variational characteristics in space and time is discussed in this paper. |
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