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| 題 名 | 我國､日本､美國､德國食物代換表的過去與將來 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 洪建德; | 書刊名 | 中華民國營養學會雜誌 |
| 卷 期 | 18:1/2 民82.05 |
| 頁 次 | 頁99-116 |
| 分類號 | 411.3 |
| 關鍵詞 | 食物代換表; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 熱量調整飲食是常見的飲食治療，尤其常見於肥胖症與糖尿病患者，甚至在高脂蛋白血症、高尿酸血症及高血壓的疾病飲食仍有熱量調整的情形，目前國內最常用的熱量代換表衍自美國1950年的食物代換表，次常用的是翻自日本1965年的食物代換表。在新的潮流一萬醣、高纖維成為營養治療新趨勢之後，美國1986年的新版也給人面目一新的感覺。日本推薦更高的蛋白質(超過美國的每公斤體重0.8公克蛋白質推薦)男子70公克，女子60公克。日本的代換表反映醫界與營養界重規蛋白質的食物。在中歐地區的國家，在糖尿病治療飲食上仍不使用熱量代換。而使用醣代換米元80卡食物代換表兼顧熱量與醣的代換，經過研究證實在不同教育程度的人甚至於不識字者學習食物分類的時間，以及熱量計算的時間已經縮短，知識及新陳代謝已經得到改善。 另一重要的治療飲食為蛋白質調整飲食，1988年日本新版的蛋白質代換表已修訂成更精確的蛋白質代換，而捨棄了原來的同熱量單位的特性。在米元80卡食物代換表，依蛋白質含量把食物被分為三大類，也就是海產食物、肉類食物及牛奶，可使用於蛋白質代換。 |
| 英文摘要 | The calorie modification diet is the most common dietetic management, usedin obesity and diabetes mellitus. The contemporarily used food exchange list forcalorie modification is derived from Amencan food exchange list of 1950s, andanother one is translated from Japanese food exchange list of 1965. The American dietetic association and diabetes association have recompiled a new food exchange list in 1986 after the new nutritional trend of high carbohydrate, highfiber diet, but on the other hand the Japanese nutritional authority are more conservative. They recommended higher protein 70 g/day for adult male and 60g/day for female in 1984, even the nutritional survey had revealed that the average protein in take exceeded the recommendation. In central European countries,carbohydrate exchange has been used for diabetes management instead of calorie exchange list. The studies on different education levels and illiterate senile diabetics, thetime to learn the classification of food and counting of energy has been shortened and the knowledge and metabolic control have been improved by the riceunit 80 kilo-calories food exchange lists. Another important dietetic management is the protein modification. In 1988 the Japanese new protein exchange list have been revised to a more valid calculation of the protein content, but the easy counting of units by the previous isocaloric units have been sacrificed. In the Rice unit 80 Kilocaloric food exchange list the protein rich food have been classified into 3 categories, e.g., seafood, meat and eggs, and milk, according toprotein contents. A single Rice unit 80 Kilocalorie food exchange list for different modifications could simplify the learning and memory of medical professionalsand patients. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。