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題 名 | 唐菖蒲肥培管理(1):尿素、過磷酸鈣、氯化鉀及堆肥對冬作唐菖蒲生長及土壤化學性質的影響 |
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作 者 | 黃裕銘; 黃仁足; 王銀波; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 162 1993.06[民82.06] |
頁 次 | 頁23-32 |
分類號 | 435.452 |
關鍵詞 | 土壤化學; 尿素; 肥培; 唐菖蒲; 堆肥; 氯化鉀; 過磷酸鈣; 管理; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 唐菖蒲是本省內外銷之主要切花之一,目前尚缺一合理肥培方法。本實驗選用農民常栽植之一的瑪加琍品種(3號球),1991年11月以盆栽(直徑16公分,高19.5公分)加入不同比率之氮(N)、磷(P₂O₅)、鉀(K₂O)肥(1:1:1,1:2:1,2:1:1,2:2:1)或堆肥(OM)。有些堆肥處理並調整磷之比率(1:1:1+OM+P,OM,OM+P,3 OM及3 OM+P),加上不施肥料之對照組共10個處理。每處理四重複,擺置於二樓頂。每一肥料單位表示每盆施用N或P₂O₅或K₂O為1公克。結果顯示施肥對切花及種球的品質都有極顯著的效果。以1:1:1及1:2:1兩處理唐菖蒲之生育無論花莖長度及每花莖上花朵數(每莖超過15朵)皆最好,收成新球莖之重量及大小亦最大。氮肥用量太高(2:1:1,2:2:1)則土壤pH下降,最嚴重者比對照處理低超過1pH單位以上,土壤交換性氮聚集量高且土壤交換性鎂有流失之慮,其花莖最短每莖花朵數亦極顯著的較低,球莖之重量及大小亦最差。一單位量堆肥處理可能在生長期間養分供應不足而影響切花及種球之品質。所用堆肥鎂含量偏高,造成土壤交換鎂太高和交換性鈣之比率偏低,可能是未能發揮堆肥功效的原因。堆肥之施用具提高土壤pH及減緩有效性磷被固定之功用。提高磷肥用量對切花品質之提升效果不顯著。依本研究之結果推算以每公頃種植30萬個種球計時肥料用量N:P₂O₅:K₂O約150:150kg/ha即足夠。 |
英文摘要 | Gladiolus has been the second largest crop in Taiwan's flower market. In order to have steady flower quality, a scientific fertilization method was needed for farmers to follow. A pot experiment was conducted on roof top in winter season (from November 1991 to April 1992). Urea, superphosphate, and potassium chloride were used for N:P₂O₅:K₂O and treated in different ratios and rates, i.e. 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 2:1:1, and 2:2:1. Phosphorus content of comost (OM, pig manure) treatments were without (OM, and 3 OM) and with addition of superphosphate (1:1:1+OM+P, OM+P, and 3 OM+P) to adjust the ratio of phosphorus to equal to nitrogen, The digits in treatments represent the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium applied in g/pot. For example, 1:1:1 treatment had N=P₂O₅=K₂O =1 g/pot. Two No. 3 corms (Valeria) planted per pot. Each treatment had 4 replications. Including the check (no fertilizer added), there were 10 treatments in this study. Results of this experiment showed that the length of spike, florets per spike, and the weight and size of new corm of 1:1:1 and 1:2:1 treatments were the first best two. The florets of these treatments reached special grade (>15 florets/spike). The lowest qualities of spikes and new corms among treatments, except the check, were the high nitrogen treatments (2:1:1 and 2:2:1, 2g-N/pot). This may be due to the addition of high amounts of nitrogen and superphosphate which caused soil pH lowed about 1 pH unit to check, and the high exchangeable nitrogen. The lower soil exchangeable Mg may also be responsible for the bad performances, at least partly. The lower qualities of spikes and corms in compost treatments may be due to the low mineralization rate of organic matters in winter season and the high Mg content of compost (Ca/Mg close to 2/1), raised soil exchangeable Ca:Mg to less than 3. The higher rates of phosphorus had little positive effects on the qualities of spikes and new corms. According to the results of this study, applications of N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 150:150 kg/ha could be enough for field gladiolus with No. 3 corms at density of 300.000 corms/ha. |
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