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題 名 | 自閉症兒童的WISC-Ⅲ智能組型研究=Study of Intellectual Patterns of Children with Autism |
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作 者 | 陳心怡; 張正芬; 楊宗仁; | 書刊名 | 特殊教育研究學刊 |
卷 期 | 26 2004.03[民93.03] |
頁 次 | 頁127-151 |
分類號 | 529.68 |
關鍵詞 | 自閉症; 智能組型; WISC-Ⅲ; Autism; Intellectual patterns; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究旨在探討自閉症兒童在魏氏兒童智力量表第三版(WISC-Ⅲ)所展現的智能組型。本研究的「自閉症兒童組」樣本共計188名,「一般兒童組」是WISC-Ⅲ臺灣常模全體1100位兒童,另根據年齡、性別、及全量表智商分別由自閉症及一般兒童中配對選出各138名「對照組」。本研究之特點有二,一為在比較自閉症兒童與一般兒童的認知能力差異外,尚以自閉症兒童本身能力平均為標準分析其優弱勢能力;二為研究樣本涵蓋不同智力程度的自閉症兒童,並檢驗智商變項的影響。研究主要發現為:(1)整組而言,自閉症兒童的平均WISC-III認知能力都顯著比一般兒童為低。但若控制智力、性別與年齡等變項,則自閉症兒童的非語文知覺組織能力、高層次語文類同能力、及部分整體組合空間覺知能力均比一般兒童為強;但對於抽象符號操弄運作、專心注意、算術、及對一般社會常規之理解力則比一般兒童為差;(2)自閉症兒童智能特質中有的較為穩定,有的則受智力高低影響而有差異,例如作業及語文能力的顯著差異雖為智商中下自閉症兒童的特質,卻非高智商自閉症兒童的特性;(3)自閉症兒童的穩定性WISC-III智能特質多集中於作業分測驗:包括相對較高的知覺組織與圖形設計分數,以及相對偏低的符號替代及符號尋找分數;(4)「作業分測驗分數變異性大」、「知覺組織優於處理速度分數」、「知覺組織為所有智商指數中的相對強項」、「較大圖形設計與符號替代或符號尋找分測驗差異」、以及「較大圖形設計與理解分測驗差異」等是自閉症兒童在WISC-III所呈現的重要特質。其中又以「知覺組織顯著高於處理速度」為區辨自閉症與一般兒童最重要的一項智能組型。研究中比較自閉症與臺灣一般兒童常模在上述各特質的出現率,並對未來相關研究提出建議。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this paper was to investigate the WISC-III intellectual parttern of Autistic childrem in Taiwan. 188 autistic children and 1,100 normal children ages from 6 to 16 were included in this study. Besides, a matched group based on age, sex, and full scaled IQ was also selected for investigating the differential intellectual pattern due to IQ variation. The two major specifications of this paper are: (1) this study made both inter and intra comparisons for autistic children, and (2) autism sample includes children with large IQ range. Four major findings are as the following: (1) the average WISC-III abilities for autistic children are lower than normal means, however, once controlled the effects from age, sex, and full scaled IQ, autistic children showed relative strength on perceptual conceptual ability, Similarity, Block design and Object assembly subtests, meanwhile, they do show weakness in Digit symbol, Symbol search, Freedom from distractibility, Arithmatics, and Comprehension; (2) some of the strengths and weaknesses are more stable across various IQ levels, but others are not. For example, example, significant verbal-performance difference was detected in autistic children with IQ lower than 100, however, the weakness is not as significant for high IQ autistic children; (3) the majority of the stable WISC-III intellectual pattern are performance-subtest related, including higher performance in Perceptual Organizational Index and Block design subtest, and lower performance on Digit symbol and Symbol search subtests; (4) 「larger performance subtest variation」, 「larger POI-PSI difference」, 「relative higher POI among all IQ and factor indexes」, 「larger Block design and Digit symbol or Symbol search difference」, and 「larger Block design and Comprehension diffrence」 and considered as stable WISC-III patterns for autistic children. Amoung them, the 「larger POI-PSI difference」 was proved to be the one which could best discriminate autism from normal children by stepwise discriminate analysis. Taiwan WISC-III Base rates on these indexes are presented, suggestions for future research are also discussed. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。