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題 名 | 臺灣牧草地土壤沖蝕-- 生產力指數之推估應用 |
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作 者 | 鄭鑑鏘; 萬鑫森; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 161 1993.03[民82.03] |
頁 次 | 頁47-61 |
分類號 | 434.227 |
關鍵詞 | 土壤; 生產力; 沖蝕; 牧草地; 指數; 臺灣; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 土壤沖蝕導致土壤生產力衰退,兩者之間的關係如能確立,才能選定管理策略,使達到最大的長期作物參數後,已建立C38作物資料檔,經執行模擬測試盤固草產量與田間觀測兩年資料結果相近,差異不顯著,顯示EPIC模式使用該作物資料檔(C38),適用於臺灣地區參考。EPIC及EPIS模式在美國各地及很多海外國家測試過,臺灣地區是否適用?本文將進行探討。 EPIC模式中的作物資料檔僅列23項作物供模擬,其中未列有盤固草一項,經本研究確立盤固草各項作物參數後,已建立C38作物資料檔,經執行模擬測試盤固草產量與田間觀測兩年資料結果相近,差異不顯著,顯示EPIC模式使用該作物資料檔(C38),適用於臺灣地區。 由EPIC推估盤固草放牧集水區不同坡度的土壤沖蝕/生產力指數(EPI),結果顯示坡度不同,指數差異很大,吾人在開發山坡地,規劃牧地建立時,可經由估測資料作為決策的參考。 經營者以長期的觀點規劃坡地農業生產,如在本試驗集水區訂下的EPI目標為90,亦即減量不超過10%,吾人可以模擬土壤沖蝕量得知,在坡度20%坡地,要達到減量10%的累積沖蝕量是6800 tons/ha,經營者規劃在100年均在目標範圍內則平均每年的土壤沖蝕量不能超過68 tons/ha,由這些估測資訊,可據於決定何種水土保持措施較適當,節省成本。 |
英文摘要 | Soil productivity decrease is related to the erosion of the soil itself. Cumulative potential productivity of the soil can be calculated measured as the percentage of the potential productivity exhausted to the amount of the erosion soil over a time period. Based upon relationships between the percentage of potential productivity exhausted and the cumulative amount of the soil erosion, soil managers and policymakers may predict the maximum erosion rate according to the potential productivity capacity of the soil set up for a given time period. The erosion-productivity index simulator (EPIS) was developed in USA by using output information from the EPIC package in 1984. The information of EPIS can be used to assist farmers in selecting suitable soil-conserving program. Simulations of EPIC and EPIS have been performed on many test sites of continental region in USA and other countries. Are such simulations applicable to watersheds in Taiwan? This study evaluates the suitability of such simulations on pasture watersheds in Taiwan. The data files of crop parameters contain the data of growth characteristics and plant breeding tailored to climatic zones in a plant growth model. Pangolagrass is not included in 23 crops listed in the Crop. dat of EPIC. The results of this study provide parameters of the Pangolagrass listed as C38 in the file of Crop. dat. Insignificant difference between the predicted and the measured yields of Pangolagrass indicated that the EPIC model could be used for watersheds in Taiwan. Types and cost of soil conservation programs can be determined by using simulation information of EPIC. Results of EPIS simulation for various slopes of Pangolagrass watersheds in this study suggests that land slope has a great influence on the erosion-productivity index and this factor should be considered in evaluating glassland development. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。