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題 名 | 臺灣地區作物供給之能量分析 |
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作 者 | 鍾月容; 王西華; | 書刊名 | 中華民國營養學會雜誌 |
卷 期 | 17:1/2 民81.05 |
頁 次 | 頁91-101 |
分類號 | 341.94、341.94 |
關鍵詞 | 作物; 供給; 能量; 臺灣; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 隨著農業科技的進步,用在農作生產的能量投入亦相對地增加了。為了減少能源之不需要開支及達到最高能量利用效率,對農作物之生產及至消費者口中之能量消耗做一詳細的分析與評估是必要的。評估作物主要為玉米,大豆、花生、及甘藷。對各項作物在農產栽培、產地運輸至消費地、消費地之銷售、家庭中之調理等過程中之各項生產因子需要量、人力投入、設備等調查資料換算成能量之投入。能量利用效率乃為作物供作人類糧食時所能提供之熱量與生產過程中能量投入之比值。在農場之栽培階段,玉米、大豆、花生、及甘藷之能量利用效率分別為3.28、2.66、2.93及9.76。其中甘藷之能量利用效率為其他作物之3倍。若將運銷、調理、加工等過程中之能量投入亦一併計算時,玉米、大豆、花生、及甘藷之能量利用效率則分別降至1.58、0.85、1.23、及0.95。玉米由生產至供給各過程中之能量投入分配分別為栽培48.35、運輸3.88、銷售13.84、調理33.92。大豆之能量投入分配為栽培31.90、運輸2.21、銷售7.89、調理58.0。花生之能量投入分配為栽培42.13、運輸1.87、銷售6,66、調理48.98。而甘藷之能量投入分配則為栽培9.7、運輸8.02、銷售28.58及調理之53.71。 |
英文摘要 | As the technology of agricultural system advances, the energy input for theagricultural production also relatively increases. In order to reduce the energy expenditure and to maximize the energy efficiency, it is necessary to make a detailed analysis of the energy consumption in food supply chains. Corn, soybean, peanuts, and sweet potatoes were the main subjects of interests in this evaluationstudy. All the activities, in crop supply chains from farm to consumer, were included. The quantities of man power, animal labor, fuel, seed, electricity, fertilizers, pesticides, machinery, and facilities were converted to energy inputs. Theenergy efficiency was estimated as the ratio of the total energy outputs (theamount of energy the crop) generates to the total energy inputs. The analysis showed that at farm scale, the energy ratios for corn, soybean, peanuts, and sweet potatoes were 3.28, 2.66, 2.93, and 9.76 respectively. Showing that the energy efficiency for sweet potatoes was three times higher thanthose for other crops. If in addition to that from farming, the consumed energiesfrom transportation, selling, processing, and cooking were counted, the energy ratios for corn, soybean, peanuts, and sweet potatoes became only 1.58, 0.85, 1.23,and 0.95, respectively. The distribution of energy inputs to corn was 48 35 from famming, 3.88?o transportation, 13.84 selling, and 33.92 cooking. To soybeans, it was 31.90 from farming, 2.21 from transportation, 7.89 selling, and58.0 cooking. In the case of peanuts, the distribution was 42.13 farming, 1.87 transportation, 6.66 selling, and 48.98 cooking. As to sweet potatoes, itwas 9.70 from farming, 8.02 transportation, 28.58 selling, and 53.71 cooking. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。