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題名 | C [feb0]及C [feb2]型葉菜類之Co[feaf]交換特性﹣﹣光及氮之影響= |
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作者 | 翁仁憲; |
期刊 | 中華農學會報 |
出版日期 | 19920300 |
卷期 | 157 1992.03[民81.03] |
頁次 | 頁21-33 |
分類號 | 373.141、373.141 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 交換; 光; 氮; 葉菜類; |
中文摘要 | 選用葉綠素含量(葉色)差異很大之莧菜(Amaranthus mangostanus及A. patulus)3品種(種)、白菜類(B. campestris)4品種,及甘藍類(B. oleracea)3品種為材料。探討光度及施氮對其光合及呼吸作用之影響。結果發現,葉色較深之品種(種),其葉綠素含量及光合成率(Pn)均有較高之趨勢,在未施氮區,各供試品種(種)之光飽和點在700-1300 µEm¯²s¯¹,Pn在8-17 µmol CO₂m¯²s¯¹,C₄型並不一定較C₃型為高。施氮後,各供試材料之Pn、光飽和點、暗呼吸率(Rd)及葉綠素含量大致隨施氮量增加而增加,光飽和點C₃型可至9-23 µmol CO₂m¯²s¯¹,C₄型可至13-40 µmol CO₂m¯²s¯¹,無論C₃或C₄型均以葉色較深之品種(種)增加之幅度較大,而且,光飽和點愈高者,其Pn亦有愈高之趨勢,唯在相同的光飽和點下比較時,C₄型之Pn約較C₃型高1.5倍。另在C₃型,光合成率隨葉綠素增加,而增加之斜率隨葉綠素之增加而變緩,而C₄型則葉綠素含量高至0.85 g m¯²為止,其光合成率尚呈直線增加。故施氮對Pn之促進效果以C₄型蔬菜較大。為葉綠素含量特低之品種(種),其單位葉綠素含量之光合成率較高。無論C₃型或C₄型,葉色較深者,其Rd值與葉色較淺之品種(種)相近或較低,故其Pn/Rd比則有較高之趨勢。葉綠素含量相近之C₃、C₄型比較時,在6月種植之C₄型,其Pn/Pd比較C₃型為高,而10月種植之莧菜,因其Rd較高,故除光合成率最高之青莧外,白莧及紅莧之Pn/Rd比並不比C₃型高。葉綠素含量較高之品種(種),因其葉面積比(LAR)均有較低之趨勢,造成C₃型不同品種間,其單株光合量與呼吸量之理論比值(Pn/Rd×LAR)差異不大,至於C₄型之青莧,其LAR值雖低,但Pn特高,Rd又較低,故其Pn/Rd×LAR值特高。此外各供試材料之量子產量大都在20-45 µmol CO₂mE¯¹間,葉綠素含量較高之品種(種)有稍高之趨勢,施氮雖可使多數材料之量子產量增加,但是並非隨施氮量之增加而增加。遮光會使各供試材料之Pn及光飽和點降低,以葉色較深之品種(種)降低之程度較大,另遮光會使莧菜之量子產量增加,但白菜及甘藍則無一定之趨勢。 |
英文摘要 | Differential leaf color of three Amaranthus (C₄), four Brassica campestris (C₃) and three B. oleracea (C₃) were used to study the characteristics of leaf net photosynthesis and dark respiration in response to light intensity and nitrogen application. The light saturation point and light saturated photosynthetic rate (Pn) of all tested genotypes without nitrogen treatment were 600-1300 µEm¯²s¯¹ and 8-17 µmol CO₂m¯²s¯¹, respectively, there were no significant difference between Amaranthus and Brassica, and those of nitrogen treatment were 800 - > 1750 µEm¯²s¯¹ and 13-40 µmol CO₂m¯²s¯¹ in Amaranthus, and were 800 - 1750 µEm¯²s¯¹ and 9-22 µmol m¯²s¯¹ in Brassica, respectively. The genotypes with deeper leaf color showed higher Pn, light saturation point and leaf chlorophyll content in both Amaranthus and Brassica. Thus, it showed significant correlation between Pn and light saturation point, however, Amaranthus showed 1.5 times higher of Pn than that of Brassica in the same light saturation point. In Amaranthus, it showed linear regression between Pn and leaf chlorophyll content, however, in Bassica the slope of Pn-chlorophyll decreased while leaf chlorophyll content increased. Nitrogen could promote dark respiratory rate (Rd), however, the genotypical difference of Rd were smaller than photosynthetic rates. Thus, higher ratio of Pn/Rd were present in those genotypes and nitrogen treatments having higher Pn. However, genotypes with deeper leaf color showed lower leaf area ratio (LAR), thus, the genotypical difference of the theoretical ratio of photosynthesis and dark respiration of whole plant (Pn/Pd × LAR) were lower in tested genotypes, except A. patulus (showed highest Pn in this experiment). In addition, the Pn and light saturation point were decreased in 50% shading, the decreasing rates were more rapid in genotypes with deep leaf color. |
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