頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 農業昆蟲對微生物殺蟲劑蘇力菌的抗性 |
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作 者 | 孫志寧; | 書刊名 | 中華民國雜草學會會刊 |
卷 期 | 12:2 1991.08[民80.08] |
頁 次 | 頁129-134 |
分類號 | 433.85 |
關鍵詞 | 農業昆蟲; 微生物殺蟲劑; 蘇力菌; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在室內選汰壓力下,積穀害蟲斑螟蛾和粉斑螟,以及Heliothis virescens對蘇力 菌可以產生數十到上百倍的抗性。田間首次出現的蘇力菌抗性則是 1989 年在夏威夷小菜蛾 上偵測到的;將這個僅有約 30 倍抗性的棲群在室內進一步篩選,9 個世代後抗性可以升高 至 800 倍以上。即使停止選汰壓力,此抗性亦能維持相當時日。 在兩種可能的抗性機制- 毒蛋白活化作用以及中腸 brush border membrane 上的結合部位( binding site )敏感 性的改變-之中,斑螟蛾和小菜蛾對蘇力菌抗性均係因為上述結合部位對毒蛋白的親和性降 降低之故。由於其作用的專一性及對環境的安全性,蘇力菌在農業害蟲防治上的使用在過去 十年內有大幅度的增加;然而大規模及長期使用-尤其是利用基因轉殖作物生產毒蛋白-很 可能導致某些農業害蟲對蘇力菌或其毒蛋白,如同對化學殺蟲劑一般,產生很高的抗性及交 互抗性。而要管制( manage )蘇力菌抗性最佳時機依舊是在田間抗性尚未出現的時候,這 點與化學殺蟲劑抗性管制的原則是相同的。 |
英文摘要 | Laboratory selection of Indian meal moth, almond moth and tobacco budworm with Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) resulted in the development of up to hundred-fold resistance to this microbial insecticide. The first case of B.t. resistance in the field was reported in 1989 from Hawaii where diamondback moth developed ca. 30-fold resistance. Further selection in laboratory of this population for 9 generations increased the B.t. resistance to 800-fold; and this resistance could persist for some time even after the removal of selection pressure. Reduced affinity toward S-endotoxin of binding sites on midgut brush border membrane was confirmed as the B.t. resistance mechanism in both Indian meal moth and diamondback moth. In view of the current interest to produce and deploy transgenic crop plants containing toxinencoding genes of B.t., the risk for development of resistance in agricultural insect pests is expected to be even higher. It is thus urgent to start managing potential B.t. resistance before actual resistance should occur in the field. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。