頁籤選單縮合
題名 | Present Situation and Future Prospect in Weed Control in Japan=日本雜草防除近況及未來 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 近內誠登; | 書刊名 | 中華民國雜草學會會刊 |
卷期 | 12:2 1991.08[民80.08] |
頁次 | 頁67-76 |
分類號 | 433.58 |
關鍵詞 | 日本; 雜草; 防除; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本文敘述日本雜草防除概況。殺草劑在日本推荐使用始於1965年。1960年在耕地 使用之殺草劑總值約 600 萬美金,但到 1990 年則高達 7.8 億美金,佔所有農藥金額的三 分之一。 至於水田殺草劑使用面積由 1960 年之 80 萬公頃,增加至 1990 年之 4 億公頃 ;這個數值表示同一塊水田,在一個期作內使用 2 或 3 次殺草劑。在 1950 年之水田除草 每公頃需 500 工時,大量使用殺草劑後,到 1990 年減少至 2 工時。由於水稻栽培方法之 改進及殺草劑的連續使用,造成多年生雜草防治上的問題。在 1989 年已登記之殺草劑種類 有 150 種,其中 96 種使用在水田,而近年來藥劑的開發,著重在以 sulfonyl urea 類並 列一次施用方式的最佳組合的研究,以取代土壤處理方式。目前殺草劑所面臨的問題為在作 物及土壤中之殘留、水的污染、有效成份的降低及改進藥劑之施用方法,以有效防治多年生 草。 |
英文摘要 | This report summarized for weed control status in Japan. Weed control in Japan was not treated as science before 1950. Practical use of herbicide was commenced after 1965. In 1960, total value for herbicides was about one billion yen (6 million US$) in arable land and reached up about 117 billion yen (780 million US$) in 1990. This value corresponded one-third of that for all pesticide used in Japan. On the other hand, the herbicide usage on paddy field was 0.8 million hectare in 1960, but in 1990 the area increased about 400 million hectare. This means the herbicide used area become two or three hundred per cent in total paddy field owing to the 2 ∼ 3 times treatment on the same field. The weeding labor required 500 hrs per hectare in 1950. However, due to labor shortage in farmer, gradually, weeding labor with using herbicide was accomplished which reduced to 2 hrs per hectare in 1990. Even with herbicide developed in paddy field, it occured a problem with the increase of perennial weeds. The reason are the change of rice cultivation and continual herbicide use. In 1989, registered herbicides are about 150 and among them 96 in paddy field, and increase in combination product based on sulfonyl urea and one shot application method instead of soil treatment recently. Nowadays, it proposed the problem of situation on herbicide, for instance, residue in crop and soil, water pollution, low rate of active ingredient, improvement of application and effective control for perennial weeds. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。