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題 名 | 臺灣中部地區山羊與鹿內寄生蟲感染之調查比較研究 |
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作 者 | 蘇耀期; | 書刊名 | 嘉義農專學報 |
卷 期 | 27 1991.10[民80.10] |
頁 次 | 頁43-68 |
分類號 | 437.247 |
關鍵詞 | 山羊; 中部; 內寄生蟲; 鹿; 感染; 臺灣; 調查; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 從1984年4月到1985年3月調查南投縣轄內為主之中部地區山羊541 頭、鹿51;頭以隨機採樣分別採取直腸便(山羊)、新鮮糞便(鹿),以浮游法、沉澱 法及仔蟲培養法鑑別其寄生蟲之種類。並以MCMaStel改良法計測其每克糞便中 之各種內寄生蟲蟲卵數。血液材料山羊10:頭、鹿68頭,分別由頸靜脈(山羊)、 鹿茸根部採取5毗血液,以新鮮血液標本法,薄層染色塗抹法、溶血染色厚片法 及Knott氏法等,檢查血液寄生蟲種類。其結果摘要如下: 1.發現山羊共有14種類的寄生蟲,其中3種吸蟲類、2種條蟲類、8種線蟲類和1 種原蟲類,總陽性率為83.9;線蟲類中寄生在胃的以捻轉胃蟲為主,寄生在小腸 的主以蛇狀毛樣線蟲、乳嘴桿線蟲為主,而寄生在大腸的以腸結節蟲為主要的寄 生蟲。血液及血球寄生蟲並無發現。 2.鹿發現有12種類之寄生蟲,其中2種吸蟲類、1種條蟲類、8種線蟲類和I種原 蟲類,總陽性率為39.6;線蟲類中寄生蟲寄生在胃的主以捻轉胃蟲,寄生在小腸的 主以乳嘴桿線蟲,而寄生在大腸的以腸結節蟲為主。血液寄生蟲則僅發現I頭(I. 5)幼絲蟲(Microfilar.ia),其他之血液及血球原蟲均無發現。 3.氣候、出齡之影響在鹿均比山羊明顯,以夏秋為主要感染季節;一般以I歲以下 之小鹿最易感染,山羊之感染其年齡影響不大;某些種類之寄生蟲有性別之差 異。撒能純種山羊及水鹿為寄生率較低之品種。 4.畜舍連續使用年限,在二種動物其寄生蟲之寄生率並無差異。族群大小中, 山羊以16-30隻之族群獲得較多之感染,而鹿則某些種類的寄生蟲受族群大小之 影響。 5.放牧羊、半放牧羊均比舍飼羊獲得最高之寄生蟲感染,同樣的以牧草(或雜草) 為主食的飼養方法比使用牧草加飼料各半之飼養方法獲得較高之寄生蟲發生。 6.各種飼養環境中山羊之寄生蟲發生較無明顯的差異,而鹿的寄生蟲以平原農 業區遠高於山坡旱地區。捻轉胃蟲似乎較易在反芻動物間相互傳播。 7.整體上山之寄生蟲卵量均很豐富,相反地鹿之蟲卵量都很少;母羊於生產泌乳期 間,其蟲卵量有一明顯的上升,而鹿並無發現。 |
英文摘要 | Fresh feces sample of Goats (541) and Deers (515) had randomly beencollected for the investigation of parasitic status by the flotation method, pre- cipitation method and larva culture method midland Taiwan (included thosecounties of Nan-Tou, Yun-Lin, Chang-Hua, Tai-chung etc., especially far NanTou country) Since April 1984 to March 1985. At the same time, fresh bloodsamples of Goats (103) and Deers (68) had been collected from the jugularvein and the root of horn for in vestigation of parasitic species by the freshblood sampling method, thin smear staining method, thick sampling examinationmethod and Knott's method respectively, The results were as following:1. Fifteen species of endoparasites of Goat were found in this study. They included Trematodes 3. Cestodes 2. Nematodes 9 and Protozoa 1. The to- tal morbility was found to be 83.9 . The most common species of Nema- todes in gaster, small intestine and large intestine were Haemonchus Con- tertus, Trichostrongylus Colubriformis and Strongyloide Papillosus and Oe- sophagostomum spp. respectivity.2. Twelve species of endoparasites of deer were found in this study. These included Trematodes 2. Cestodes 1. Nematodes 8 and Protozoa 1. The to- tal morbility of parasites in deer was found lo be 39.6 . The most common species of Nematodes in gaster, small intestine and large intestine were Haemotus contortus, Strongyloides papillosus, and Oesophagostomum respectivity. We could not find any protozoa existing cither in the blood or in the blood cell , except one case of Microfilaria (1.5 ). 3. The influences of climate and age in deer were more obvious than those of goat. The major infectious seasons were during both seasons of summer and fall. In general, little deers below one year old were easiest to be infected. The morbidity was neither significant relationship with the age of goat. There were sexual differences in some species of parasites. Saanen thor- ough bred goat and formosan sambar were the species which had lower morbility. The year limit of successive use of pen. The morbidity of parasites in twoanimals didn't have any difference. The herds of having 16-30 heads ofgoat seemed to show a higher morbidity. The parasites in some species ofdeer was effected by herd.Pastured or semipastured goats obtained higher infection than that of penhoused goat. Goats fed on pasture or weeds demostrated a higher infection (rates) than those fed on the mixed foods.There are no significant difference of morbidity among different types offeeding about goat. In different feeding environments the deer fed on agriculture plain area seemed to obtain higher morbiding than those ondraught mounlain.sidcs. Hoemonchus contertus seemed easy to spreadamong ruminant.In this study, We demonstrated that the goals generally infestated withparasitic eggs largely which were increasingly excreted during milking stageof ewe. On the contrary, the deers didn't have been found. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。