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| 題 名 | 乾犁田改進二期稻作的土壤通氣 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 陳世雄; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
| 卷 期 | 155 1991.09[民80.09] |
| 頁 次 | 頁30-39 |
| 分類號 | 434.26 |
| 關鍵詞 | 二期稻作; 土壤; 乾犁田; 通氣; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 為改善土壤的密實度與通氣性,增進二期稻作產量,先後進行三次水田乾犁試驗。先將土壤耕犁、耙碎、整平、再灌水插秧,有別於傳統之浸水耕犁方式。第一年兩期作試驗結果顯示乾犁田可使表土疏鬆,改善土壤通氣,但稻殼產量較傳統濕犁為低,其原因可能在於曬田次數太多,土壤過度氧化。第三次試驗,減少曬田次數及曬乾程度,二期稻殼每公頃產量為6,883公斤,較傳統濕犁田增產9.31%。 乾犁田由於滲漏速率較快,每天滲漏13.8±3.3mm,較傳統濕犁田之5.0±2.0mm快2.8倍。插秧後生育初羕土壤還原電位較一般濕犁田高出50-70mv,土壤通氣獲得改善。分?期土壤總體密度降低0.02-0.8g/c□,孔隙率增加1-3%,使根系容易在表土發展。土培pH由一般濕犁田之5.5±0.2增加至6.1±0.2,原因可能在於滲漏加速,灌溉水含鈣量高達10-48ppm,使得土壤鈣含量增加所致。 不同耕犁方式稻田之水分管理亦需加以調整,第一次曬田,為抑制無效分?及改善通氣,應曬至0.8bar以上為宜,但由於乾犁田土壤之還原電位極易提昇,過高之土壤還原電位可能不利水稻養分之吸收,生育中後期之曬田,應以低張力(低於0.2bar)為宜;反之,傳統式濕犁田由於表土較緊密,須曬至水分張力0.4-0.6bar以上,才足以有效提昇土壤還原電位,改善土壤通氣 |
| 英文摘要 | Wet plowing with puddle is practiced commonly for growing rice. The intensive pudding practice degrades soil structure and seals cracks, thus results in dense soil with very low percolation rate. A dry plowing method was introduced in this study to improve the adverse condition. Results showed that the percolation rate increased from 5.0 mm/day to 13.8mm/day, and soil redox potential was increased 50-70mv at the tillering stage. Soil bulk density decreased 0.02-0.08 g/c□, corresponded to 1-3% increase of soil porosity. Effective tiller number, panicle weight and seed setting percentage of the second crop rice were incre3ased. Grain yield was increased from 6297 kg/ha to 6883 kg/ha. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。