頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 屏東地區養殖草蝦大量死亡之病因探討 |
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作 者 | 洪信雄; | 書刊名 | 臺灣畜牧獸醫學會會報 |
卷期 | 57 1991.06[民80.06] |
頁次 | 頁45-61 |
分類號 | 439.66 |
關鍵詞 | 死亡; 屏東地區; 草蝦; 養殖; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本所鑑於76年間屏東地區草蝦養殖成績大幅滑落,並且時有疾病發生,故自76 年9月至77年6月間,進行草蝦養殖場疫病之調查,所得結果如下: 共調查333戶養殖場,一般死亡率在30%,而嚴重病例達97%。76年發病(養殖場)期 平均為80∼100天,77年間均在放養黑殼苗後第10∼100天發病,養殖成果不良,一般僅有 20%之收成。76年(9∼12月)及77年(1∼6月)分析東西兩海岸之水質,發現前者以東 海 岸水質較為良好,而後者之比較,相差無幾。且經原子吸光譜儀測量兩海岸之重金屬含量 (鋅、鎘、銅、汞)均未達致害之含量。由105件病例中之病原微生物分離,可檢出Vibrio anguillarum(38/37)、Aeromonas hydrophila (l6/67)、Pseudomonas spp. (13/67),且 由體表可檢出共生原蟲鐘形蟲。抗生素敏感性試驗,依次為Nalidixic acid、 sulfamthoxazole+Trimethoprium、Tetracycline、Doxycycline、Chloramphenicol、 Neomycin均有感受性。 罹病與瀕死草蝦體表呈現粗糙及失去固有光澤,並有斷鬚、斷足、生長遲緩、不易脫殼 之外觀,而剖檢可見肝胰腺腫脹、萎縮,嚴重病例則為硬化、蒼白。組織病理學上,可見 肝胰腺顯現肉芽腫性炎症反應,其他器官亦可見相同反應。而有些病例(57/105)從肥大 或變性的肝胰腺上皮可見嗜酸性核內包涵體,且經電子頗微鏡,發現具有直徑100mm大小之 草蝦桿狀病毒(Monodon Baculoviurs)顆粒,分佈於肝腺腺實質組織間。 從105件送檢病例中,分析其致病原因,大都以混合感染為主,原蟲-細菌-桿狀病毒 (36/105,35%),原蟲-細菌(16/105,15%)等混合感染,而草蝦桿狀病毒感染佔20% (21/105)。經臨床症狀、組織病理學、病原微生物、電子顯微鏡檢查及水質分析。得知 草蝦概中含有草蝦桿狀病毒之潛在感染,一旦養殖環境惡化,加上寄生蟲、細菌二次感染 ,可造成草蝦大量死亡,故發展健康蝦苗,實在是刻不容緩之課題。 |
英文摘要 | in 1987, our Center found a severe drop in shrimp production in Pingtung County with severe disease outbreak. Thus from Sep. 1987 to June 1988 a survey was done to investigate the epidemiology of shrimp diseases. From 333 shrimp farms investigated, there was a general mortality of 30% and in sever cases may reach as high as 97%. The average infection age in shrimp farms in 1987 was 80-to 100-day-old and the average production rate was only 20%. A survey was done during the period Sep. 1987 to June 1988 on the water quality of both the eastern and western coasts of Taiwan. Results Showed that the water quality on the eastern coast was much better than the western coast. Atomic absorption equipment was used to test the heavy metal content on both coasts and found that the levels of Zn, Cd, Cu, Hg were below lethal dose. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 105 infection cases which include Vibrio anquillarum (38-67), Aeromonas hydrophila (16/67) and Pseudomonas spp. (13/67). Furthermore Zoothamuium spp. or Epistylis spp. could be found on the bldy surface of the shrimp. In drug sensitivity test, Nalidixic acid Sulfamethoxazole + Ttrimethoprin Doxycycline. Chloramphenicol and Neomycin were found to be sensitive. Infected or moribund shrimps showed rougheed body surface, dull color tone broken hair legs and retarded growth. The gross lesions were swollened or atrophied hepatopancreatic glands palor and cirrhosis in severe cases. Histopathologic lesions included granulomatous inflammatory reaction in the hepatopancreas and in some cases (57-105) eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion body could be seen in the swollened or degenerated hepatopancreas. Nm virus particles in diameter (Monodon baculovirus) distributed throughout the parenchyma were observed under electron micrscopy. Most of the 105 cases were mixed infections, namely; Protozoa-Bacteria-Baculovirus (36/105, 35%) Protozoa-Bacteria (16/105, 15%) and shrimp Baculovirus alone stand 20% (21/105). From the results of the clinical signs, electronic microscopy and water quality analysis found that the shrimp harbour latent infection of baculovirus. High mortality would occur once the environment deteriote with further infections of parasite and bacteria. Thus to develop a healthy shrimp population is not a simple undertaking. |
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