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題 名 | 青少年兒童性虐待問題之初探﹣﹣以大學女生為調查對象 |
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作 者 | 謝友文; | 書刊名 | 教育資料文摘 |
卷 期 | 27:2=157 1991.02[民80.02] |
頁 次 | 頁96-106 |
分類號 | 544.528 |
關鍵詞 | 大學; 女生; 兒童; 青少年; 性虐待; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 為明瞭淡水河口仔稚魚種類組成及量的季節性變化,於1984年9月起至1985年8 月止,按月分別於淡水河河口外緣的5m、10m及20m等深線處設置三個測站,用仿製的 Marcuchi-D型仔魚網(直徑1.3m、網輝長4.5m、網目0.5X0.5mm)以水平採集方式採集魚卵 及仔魚,同時梁定環境因子包括水溫、鹽度及pH值。 全年共計進行了36站次的仔魚採集,計採獲魚卵41,734粒和仔魚31科63種1,428尾,其 中以布氏銀帶鰶(Stolephorus buccaneeri)791尾為最多,佔55.39%;其次是石狗公 (Sebasticus marmoratus)261尾,佔18.26%;第三是□科(Blennildae)四種合計70 粑,佔4.90%;第四是?虎科(Gobiidae)十種合計38尾,佔2.66%。其餘各種所佔比例均 在1%以下。就發育階段組成而言,出現最多的是魚卵(egg),其次是脊索末端上屈前期仔 魚(preflexion larva),其餘發育階段所佔比例非常低。由於魚卵的數量相當多,河口域 附近可能有產卵場存在。 魚卵及仔魚出現量有明顯的季節性變化,4~5月水溫上升期魚卵及仔魚種類和數量大量 出現,呈現月別變化之全年最高峰,冬季的1月一個小高峰,夏秋兩季則很少。造成4~5月 高峰期的仔魚為布氏銀帶鰶,1月為石狗公。仔魚大量出現的時期大約比魚卵延遲一個月。 魚卵在水溫24.5~28℃以及鹽度240/00~340/00的範圍內有較多的出現量,而仔魚也有類似的傾 向,但分布的鹽度範圍較廣,顯示仔魚的移動、擴散範圍比魚卵大。 仔稚魚的群聚構造春秋兩季較複雜,夏冬兩季則較單純。仔魚群聚構造同月份站間的相 似程度高,月別間的相似程度大致可分成四個群集。相似程度最高的是春季群(4~5月), 其次則是冬季群(11~3月),在夏(6~8月)、秋(9~10月)兩季,各次採集的相似程度較 低。相似群集的持續性除冬季群的期間較長(11~3月)外,其餘各群為時均在2~3個月間。 |
英文摘要 | To clarify the species composition and seasonal abundance of fish eggs and larvae in the coastal waters adjacent to the Tansui River estuary, fish eggs and larvae were collected monthly from three stations at the depth of 5m, 10m and 20m during the period from September 1984 to August, 1985. Meanwhile the environmental factors including water temperature, salinity and pH were also monitored. A total of 41,734 eggs and 1,428 larvae representing 31 families, and 63 species were collected from 36 net hauls. Stolephorus buccaneeri was the most dominant species making up 55.39% of the total catch in number, and followed by Sebastiscus marmoratus (18.28%), Blenniidae (4.90%) and Gobiidae (2.66%). The above four species groups constituted 80% of the total catch. Most of the fish collected belonged to egg stage and preflexion larvae indicating that there was a spawning ground near the estuary. The occurrence of the fish eggs and larvae was higher in spring with a peak in April-May when water temperature commenced to increase, and with a minor peak in winter. The higher peak coincided with the occurring period of S. buccaneeri, while the lower peak coincided with that of S. marmoratus. Fish eggs were abundantly occurred at water temperature 25.5-28℃ and salinity 24-34 0/00. Similar trend was seen in fish larvae when they dispersed with growth, except their adaptive ranges to temperature and salinity were wider. Larval fish community structure was more complicated in spring and autumn than that in summer and winter. The affinity of fish larvae were separated into four seasonal groups, which were listed in the order of spring (April-May), winter (November-March), summer (June-August) and autumn (September-October) groups. The duration of each group with high similarity in community structures lasted for about 2-3 months except that in the winter group. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。