頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 尚書寧王寧武寧考前寧人寧人前文人解之衍成及其史的觀察--併考周文武受命稱王=The Hermeneutics and History of the Terms “Ning-jen,” “Ning-wu,” “Ning-k'ao,”“Ch'ien ning-jen,” “Ning-jen,”and“Ch'ien wen-jen”in the Shang shu (Book of Documents) |
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編 次 | 上 |
作 者 | 程元敏; | 書刊名 | 中國文哲研究集刊 |
卷 期 | 1 民80.03 |
頁 次 | 頁255-322 |
分類號 | 092 |
關鍵詞 | 尚書; 寧王; 寧武; 寧考; 前寧人; 寧人; 前文人; 周文王; 周武王; 受命稱王; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 《尚書》「寧王、寧武、寧考、前寧人、寧人」之「寧」,漢至宋人多為「安」,謂是「安天下之王」、「安武事」、「寧祖聖考」、「祖宗安人」,義決不可通。至清吳大澂始發現此諸「寧」乃「文」字之誤,後人多深信不疑。惟吳汝綸闓生父子、章炳麟、西人高本漢疑二字形體尚不致相淆。余廣采古文字形,證二字形近易偽,以充實吳說。更因《尚書》言「寧王以德始受天命建國」,遍求文武事跡於經、經解、緯、史、子、彝銘及近人論文,證同文王昌始受天命創建周國稱王改元,而周武王發但繼受天命伐商定邦而已;且文獻盛稱文王美德,稱武王則鮮及其德望,故斷此「寧王」確是「文王昌」。《禮記》引《尚書.君奭》「寧王」作「文王」,鄭玄以下,頗有執以勘校《尚書》者,惜皆未盡正確。余通考全篇,貫穿文義,比次史跡,定其篇「前人、寧王、文王」同指姬昌一人,於是「寧」字誤、「文」字正,灼然無可疑矣。 |
英文摘要 | The character ning 寧 in ning-wang 寧王 , ning-wu 寧武 , ning-k'ao 寧考 , ch'ien ning-jen 前寧人 , ning jen 寧人, and ch'ien wen-jen 前文人 from the Book of Documents was interpreted as an 安(calm , stability)by scholars from the Han to the Sung Dynasties . According to them ning-wang means "a king who brings peace and stability to the world" , but in my opinion this definition is not acceptable . During the Ch'ing Dynasty Wu Ta-ch'eng 吳大澂 discovered that the character wen 文 had been mistaken for ning , and he convinced later generations . But later Chang Ping-lin 章炳麟 and the Swedish scholar Bernhard Karlgren argued that in terms of character form wen and ning were very unlikely to have been mistaken for each other , and thus another controversy began . In my article I examine the Classics together with their exegeses , history books , philosophy books , bronze inscriptions , and recent articles and prove that it was believed that King Wen 文王 had become the founder of the Chou Dynasty due to his merits as a ruler . The Book of Documents is filled with such praises of him . At the end of this article I conclude that ning-wang is without doubt the mistaken form of wen-wang. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。