頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 平地茶園栽培機械化作業分析 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 梁浩旋; 張森富; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
| 卷 期 | 36:1 1990.03[民79.03] |
| 頁 次 | 頁26-40 |
| 分類號 | 434.817 |
| 關鍵詞 | 平地; 栽培; 茶園; 機械化; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究之主要目的是站在農業機械立場,分析本省平地茶樹栽培現況,以求如何節省勞力需求與降低生產成本。 資料的蒐集是以問卷調查方式進行。其內容包括中耕、除草、施肥、病蟲害防治、採茶、剪枝、深耕、覆蓋、灌溉等項作業。首先找出購買茶作機械農民所需擁有之面積,再整理出栽培茶樹所需之機械成本與人工小時之範圍。 根據結果顯示,購買共通作機械所需擁有的茶園面積:中耕機只用作開溝需1.2公頃,背負式割草機只需0.3公煩,引擎帶動高壓噴霧機要0.5公頃、雙人採茶機需0.8公頃,單人淺剪機作用修剪樹裙及樹冠則需0.63公煩。以平均每戶茶農擁有一公頃多農地而言,購買以上農機光是自用也是戒得來的。 其他作業購買茶作機械所需擁有之面積如下:中耕機只用作中耕需1.7公頃,單人淺剪機只用作裙剪要2.1公頃,雙人淺剪機及中剪機各需2公頃。在小農制下擁有此等機械須兼作代耕才划算。 平地或10度以下坡地(機採)每年每公頃所投入之機械成本在64,500到80,500元間,人工小時介於420至510小時之間。 在勞力缺乏的今天欲降低茶園生產成本,成立代耕班應是一可行的辦法,尤以深耕及剪枝更為必要。為達到省工省時,應研製單人控制之多用途自動化作業機,如正在開發中之高架式曳引機附掛自動採茶機,如此才能使茶樹栽培邁進全面機械化時代。 |
| 英文摘要 | This study is intended to save labor and reduce cost for tea production in Taiwan on the basis of agricultural engineer’s viewpoint. The farming operations investigated in this study include: cultivating, weed control, fertilizing, pest control, harvesting, pruning, mulching and irrigation. First, find out how much area farmers need to own when they want to buy a machine, then obtain labor-time and cost-analysis data of those farming practices for tea production in Taiwan. Based on the results obtained, the minimum area required for purchasing each type of tea machinery by individual farmers to conduct their own field operations economically are: 1,2 ha for a cultivator (furrowing only), 0.3 ha for a mower, 0.5ha for a sprayer, 0.8 ha for a two-man operated tea harvester, 0.63 ha for a one-man operated tea pruning machine. As an average tea farmer owns more than 1 ha of tea garden, the purchase of the above machines even just for self-use is still economical. For other operations, the minimum area required are: 1.7 ha for a cultivator (cultivating only), 2.1 ha for a one-man operated tea pruning machine (side pruning only), 2.1 ha for two-man operated shallow and medium tea pruning machines each. So, the average tea farmers need to do custom-work to make it economical when owning these tea machines. Total production costs for a tea garden in flat-land is in the range of NT$ 64,500-80,500/ha/ya and total labor hours required, 420-510 h/ha/yr. For saving labor and reducing costs in tea production, custom services is very needed, especially for pruning and deep cultivating. After al, development of a one-man operated prime mover for multipurpose in tea cultivation is very probably the best way to overall mechanize tea operations in the field. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。