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題 名 | 機車使用人發生車禍頭傷之相關行為因素及其高危險群的探討=Behavioral Factors Related to Motorcyclist's Head Injuries, With Emphasis on High-Risk Group |
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作 者 | 丁先玲; 李蘭; | 書刊名 | 公共衛生 |
卷 期 | 23:4 1997.01[民86.01] |
頁 次 | 頁239-246 |
分類號 | 412.79 |
關鍵詞 | 交通意外事故; 頭部傷害; 機車使用人; 行為因素; Traffic accident; Head injury; Motorcyclist; Behavioral factors; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 臺灣每年至少有3,500位機車使用人死於交通事故,這其中又以頭部傷害為車禍致 死的最主要原因。 本研究以民國 79 年 1 月至 12 月臺北某一所醫學中心急診室所有因車 禍受傷而前來就診的機車使用人為對象,收集每位傷者的個人屬性 (包括年齡、性別及教育 程度 )、環境因素 (車禍發生時間、天候、路況 )、行為因素 (是機車駕駛人或乘坐者、是 否有戴安全帽、是否飲酒等 )、及醫師診斷是否有頭部傷害等資料,探討機車使用人在控制 其他相關變項後,未戴安全帽和酒後騎乘機車的行為因素是否為車禍中發生頭部傷害的重要 因素。 結果發現在 2,549 例前往急診室就醫的受傷機車使用人中,男性佔 68.2 %,男與 女之比為 2.1:1;年齡分佈以 20 歲至 39 歲之青年人為主;受傷者的教育程度大多為高中 或高職 (42.5 % ); 車禍發生時間多在上年 7 點至下午 6 點 (55.6 % );有 1,569 例 (61.6 % ) 的交通事故是發生在天侯不佳或已天暗的夜間; 有 79.8 %人的交通事故是發 生在平坦路面上;機車使用人發生交通事故當時,共有 84.1 %的人沒有戴安全帽;酒後騎 乘機車者佔 18.7 %。車禍受傷者中有 80 %為機車駕駛人,其餘為機車乘坐者。在邏輯迴 歸分析結果顯示,『教育程度』及行為因素中的『戴安全帽』、『飲酒』、『騎乘行為』等 共 4 個變項,對於機車使用人是否會在車禍中發生頭部傷害具有統計上的顯著影響力; 亦 即是教育程度愈低者、沒有戴安全帽者、騎乘機車前喝酒者的機車駕駛人發生車禍頭傷的危 險性較高。由於研究發現,教育程度愈低者騎乘機車時有戴安全帽的比率愈低,且事故發生 前有飲酒的比率愈高;所以「教育程度」可當作騎乘機車者有不安全行為的一項參考指標。 因此,教育程度愈低者愈需要獲得有關不安全行為或交通意外預防教育的機會。 |
英文摘要 | There are about 3,500 motorcyclists per year in Taiwan, who died from traffic accidents, according to recent health statistics. In general, these motorcyclists' deaths are resulted from head injuries. A one-year study has been undertaken at a medical center in Taipei to characterize the demographic factors, environmental factors, and behavioral factors of traffic accident victims. Between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1990, 2, 549 motorcyclists' traffic injuries had been encountered at the emergency room of this medical center. Among them, 1,129 (44.3%) cases suffered from head injuries. 1,739 (68.2%) were males and the sex ratio of male to female was 2.1:1. The highest incidence (1,501 patients, 59%) of motorcyclists' traffic injuries falled on 20 to 39 years old age groups. Furthermore, the percentage of helmet usage was only about 14.5% and the rate of positive alcohol testing was 18.7%. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that no helmet, drinking, lower educational leveland driver are the major causes of traffic related head injury. These analyses show that the motorcycle-related accidents of non-helmet users is 2.4 times of that of helmet-users and risk for drinking victims is 2.1 times of that of nondrinking victims. When we analyzed those factors that might induce head injuries (i. e. educational level, helmet use, drinking, and role (driver of passenger)), a significant difference was observed between helmet users and non users. Furthermore, the victims with drinking were more likely to suffer from head injuries than nondrinking victims. In addition, persons with lower educational level tend to not wear helmets and to drink alcohol, and therefore are at higher risk for head injuries. In summary, data obtained from this study suggest that the people at lower educational level needs to be paid much more attention in order to reduce their head injuries by traffic accidents. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。