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題名 | 稗草皺縮矮化病之病徵、寄主範圍、傳播及病原性質=Echinochloa ragged stunt: Symptomatology, Host range, transmission and properties of virions |
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作者 | 陳慶忠; | 書刊名 | 臺中區農業改良場研究彙報 |
卷期 | 19 1988.06[民77.06] |
頁次 | 頁1-2 |
分類號 | 434.168 |
關鍵詞 | 病原性質; 病徵; 寄主範圍; 傳播; 皺縮矮化病; 稗草; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese);英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 稗草皺縮矮化病於民國69年首次發現,其主要病徵為分蘗增多、植株 明顯矮化,葉色濃綠、葉緣形成鋸狀缺刻,並於罹病莖葉形成白色脈紋突起。罹 病株多不能抽穗,能抽穗者抽穗期顯著延遲,產生空殼粒。除水稗外,在田間小 米、小麥亦為其自然寄主植物。試驗寄主包括黑麥草、玉米、水稻、龍爪稷、白 芽、野稗及看麥娘等七種。稗草皺縮矮化病由擬白背飛蝨(Sogatella longifurcifera) 以持續性方式傳播。病毒在蟲體內之潛伏期為9.3日(6∼17日)。最短獲毒及接種 時間分別為2小時及30分鐘。本病毒不能經卵傳播,亦不能以機械方法傳播,但以 病毒汁液注射稗草幼苗,約有5%注射株能表現病徵。稗草皺縮矮化病毒粒子由雙層 白鞘組成,直徑約80nm。蛋白鞘內層具B突起,外層具A突起。病毒核酸由10條雙股 核醣核酸(dsRNAs)遺傳基因段組成,其分子量大小範圍0.61×106∼2.8×106daltons, 總分子量為17.89×106daltons。病毒之核蛋白由5個主要蛋白即129K,123K,63K, 50K及34K daltons及2個次要蛋白113K及88.1K daltons所組成。 |
英文摘要 | Echinochloa ragged stunt was a new virus disease first found in central Taiwan in 1980 with characteristic symptoms on Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola that included excessive tillering, severe dwarfing and the production of malformed leaves with serrated margins and veinal swellings. Infected plants appeared darker green than normal. They failed to head or showed a delay in heading time to result in the formation of empty grains. Besides E. curs-galli var. oryzicola, Setaria italica and Triticum aestivum were found to be other natural host plants of ERSV. Seven gramineous plant species experimentally infected with ERSV were Lolium multiflorum, Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Eleusine coracana, Imperata cylindrica, E. crus- galli var. formosensis, and Alopeculus aequalis. The planthopper Sogatella longifurcifera transmitted ERSV in a persistent manner. The virus had an incubation period of 9.3 days (a range of 6 to 17 days) in the insect vector. The minimal acquisition and inoculation access periods were 2 hrs and 30 mins., respectively. No transovarial passage was observed. Rubbing of E. crus-galli leaves with virus did not result in plant infection. However, about 5% of E. crus-galli seedlings became infected when virus crude sap was injected into veinal tissues. The particles of ERSV ca. 80 nm in diameter are composited of double shells with A- spikes and B-spikes. ERSV has a genome that comprises 10 segments of dsRNAs in the size range from 0.61 x 106 to 2.8 x 106 daltons. The whole genome size was estimated to be 17.89 x 106 daltons. Virions contained five major proteins of 129K, 123K, 63K, 50K and 34K daltons, and two minor proteins of 113K and 88.1K daltons. |
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